Scribd
Upload
45 views

Topic 3

The document discusses the brain and memory. It defines the brain as the organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull that functions as the coordinating center of sensation and intellect. It notes characteristics of the brain such as its weight, oxygen needs, power generation, blood flow, number of neurons, and structure including hemispheres and lobes. It also discusses brain waves including beta, alpha, theta, and delta waves. Finally, it outlines the memory process including sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory as well as factors that can lead to forgetting.

Uploaded by

hanna 90
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views

Topic 3

The document discusses the brain and memory. It defines the brain as the organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull that functions as the coordinating center of sensation and intellect. It notes characteristics of the brain such as its weight, oxygen needs, power generation, blood flow, number of neurons, and structure including hemispheres and lobes. It also discusses brain waves including beta, alpha, theta, and delta waves. Finally, it outlines the memory process including sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory as well as factors that can lead to forgetting.

Uploaded by

hanna 90
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Otak

Brain

TOPIK 3
Prof. Dr. Salleh Abd. Rashid
TOPIC 3
Prof. Dr. Rosnah Ismail
Prof Madya. Razli Ahmad
Dr. Hj. Huzili Bin Hussin
Dr. Noriah Mohamed
Pn. Junainor Hassan
Cik Nur Salimah Binti Alias
EUW322- KEMAHIRAN
1 BERFIKIR
En. Ruhil Amal Razali
THINKING SKILL
What is Brain?

 An organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of


vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of
sensation and intellect...

2
Brain Characteristics
• 3 the weight of your brain in pounds
=

• 4 to 6 = the number of minutes your brain can survive without


oxygen before it starts to die
• 8 to 10 = the number of seconds you have before losing consciousness
due to blood loss
• 10 to 23 = the number of watts of power your brain generates when you’re awake
(that’s enough to turn on a light bulb!)
• 20 = the percentages of oxygen and blood flow going to the brain
• 100,000 = the number of miles of blood vessels in your brain
• 1,000 to 10,000 = the number of synapses for each neuron in your
brain
• 100 billion = the number of neurons in your brain

3
Brain Size

 A human brain is around

1.3 to 1.5 kg
(2.9 to 3.3 lb)
 Brain size tends
to vary according
to body size

4
The relationship is not proportional:
the brain-to-body mass ratio varies

Size doesn’t matter in the brain. There is no


evidence that a larger brain is smarter than a
smaller brain

5
6
Brain Structure

7
8
HOKA - HOKI
 Roger Sperry (1965) succesfully divide the
brain (Split-brain)
 Devidesinto 2 regions of brain; Hemisfera
Otak Kiri (HOKI) and Hemisfera Otak Kanan
(HOKA).

9
Left / Right

10
11
Brain Waves

12
Beta

 1) Beta (14-40Hz) – The Waking


Consciousness And Reasoning Wave
 Beta brain waves are associated with normal
waking consciousness and a heightened state
of alertness, logic and critical reasoning.
 While Beta brain waves are important for
effective functioning throughout the day,
they also can translate into stress, anxiety
and restlessness.

13
Alpha

 Alpha (7.5-14Hz) – The Deep Relaxation


Wave
 Alpha brain waves are present in deep
relaxation and usually when the eyes are
closed, when you’re slipping into a lovely
daydream or during light meditation.
 It is an optimal time to program the mind
for success and it also heightens your
imagination, visualization, memory,
learning and concentration.
14
Theta

 Theta (4-7.5Hz) – The Light Meditation


And Sleeping Wave
 Theta brain waves are present during deep
meditation and light sleep, including the
all-important Rapid Eye Movement(REM)
dream state.
 It is the realm of your subconsciousness
and only experienced momentarily as you
drift off to sleep from Alpha and wake
from deep sleep (from Delta).
15
Delta

 Delta (0.5-4Hz) – The Deep Sleep Wave


 The Delta frequency is the slowest of the
frequencies and is experienced in deep,
dreamless sleep and in very deep,
transcendental meditation where
awareness is fully detached.

16
MEMORY

 Psychologists
consider memory
to be the process by which we
encode, store and retrieve
information

17
Memory process

18
19
Sensory memory

 Sensory memory, corresponding


to each of the sensory systems, is
the first place where information
is saved.
 Sensorymemories are very brief,
but they are precise, strongly a
nearly exact replica of a stimulus.

20
Short term/working memory

 Roughlyseven chunks of
information can be transferred
and held in short-term memory.
 Informationin short-term
memory is held from 15-25
seconds and if not transferred
to long-term memory, is lost.
21
22
Information processing model

23
Long term memory

 Memories area transferred into


long-term storage trough
rehearsal. If memories are
transferred into long-term
memory, they become
relatively permanent.

24
Long term memory

25
26
Forgetting
 Failure of encoding.
 Decay
– the loss of information in
memory through its non-use
 Interference – information in memory
disrupts the recall of other information
 Cue-dependent forgetting – insufficient
retrieval cues to rekindle information
that is in memory

27
 The end.. Thank you..

28

You might also like