Scribd
Upload
51 views39 pages

Lecture 2

This document provides an overview of basic image processing concepts in MATLAB, including: 1) How to input and display numbers, strings, vectors, and matrices. Functions like input, disp, and size are demonstrated. 2) How to define and index vectors and matrices using colon operators and parentheses. Matrix indexing and transposing matrices are covered. 3) How to perform basic mathematical operations on vectors and matrices like addition, subtraction, and element-wise functions. 4) Other functions demonstrated include find, rand, randi, and quit. Concatenating, overwriting, and transposing matrices are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Hira Mazhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
51 views39 pages

Lecture 2

This document provides an overview of basic image processing concepts in MATLAB, including: 1) How to input and display numbers, strings, vectors, and matrices. Functions like input, disp, and size are demonstrated. 2) How to define and index vectors and matrices using colon operators and parentheses. Matrix indexing and transposing matrices are covered. 3) How to perform basic mathematical operations on vectors and matrices like addition, subtraction, and element-wise functions. 4) Other functions demonstrated include find, rand, randi, and quit. Concatenating, overwriting, and transposing matrices are also summarized.

Uploaded by

Hira Mazhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 39

IMAGE PROCESSING IN

MATLAB
LECTURE 2
How to input a number from a
user?
 My_number=input(‘enter any number’)
How to take a string from a user?
 My_string=input(‘enter your name’, ‘s’)
How to simply display?
 A NUMBER/vector/matrix:
 disp(x)
 or disp([1 2 3 3 0])

 A STRING
 disp(‘hi! How are you’)
 or disp(mystr)
 Where mystr= ‘hi! How are you’
Defining vectors- using colon operator

 Suppose you want to define a row vector like this:


 [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ………………………….. 100]
 It would be tiring to enter all these values by hand
 You could go for a for loop to define such an array
but Matlab can readily take care of that for you.
 Simply type
 >>my_rowvector=1:1:100

STARTING STEP ENDING


VALUE OF SIZE VALUE OF
VECTOR VECTOR
ARRAY ARRAY
Colon operator
 The colon(:) is one of the most useful operator in MATLAB. It is used
to create vectors, subscript arrays, and specify for iterations.
 If you want to specify an increment value other than one, for example:
 100: -5: 50
 MATLAB executes the statement and returns the following result:
 ans = 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50
 Let us take another example:
 0:pi/8:pi MATLAB executes the statement and returns the following
result:
 ans = Columns 1 through 7 0 0.3927 0.7854 1.1781 1.5708 1.9635
2.3562 Columns 8 through 9 2.7489 3.1416
See the other uses of colon…
EXCERSISE
 DEFINE AN ARRAY SUCH AS THE ONE
BELOW:
[5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50]
Vector Indexing
Matrix Indexing
Matrix indexing
 Consider a matrix A. I want to access its 7th element.
 A=
FIRST
 2 ELEMENT
6 9 SECON
D
 4 2 8 ELEME
NT
 3 5 1 NINETH
ELEMEN
 Matlab actually stores its elements
T
in memory in a
sequence like this:
 2, 4, 3, 6, 2, 5, 9, 8, 1
Matrix indexing
 >> A(9) Accesses the 9th element
 ans =
 1
 >> A(6:9) Accesses element numbers from 6 to 9
 ans =
 5 9 8 1
Advanced Indexing 1
Advanced Indexing 2
Defining a column vector
 A simple method to make a column vector using
this method is this:
 Make a row vector
 Take its transpose
 >>my_row=1:1:10
 >>my_column=my_row’
 The symbol ‘ after a matrix tells matlab to take its
transpose.
Matrix handling- the Superpower of Matlab

 Takes less than a second to solve complex


matrices- that’s why best for Image processing.
 Entering a matrix
 What are matrix dimensions?
 Matrix indexing
Accessing the elements of a matrix
 Suppose you have a matrix
 My_matrix=[1 4 7 9
 9 6 3 1]
 To access its element at ith row and jth column:
 >>My_matrix(i, j)
 To access its ith (entire) column:
 >>My_matrix(:, i)
 (:, i) means “all rows and ith column)
 To access its ith (entire) row
 >>My_matrix(i, : )
 (i, : ) means ith row and all columns
Accessing elements
 Suppose you have a matrix
 My_matrix=[1 4 7 9
 9 6 3 1]
 To consider 1st three elements of row 1
 >>My_matrix(1, 1:3)

CONSIDER COLUMN
CONSIDER ROW 1
NUMBER 1 TO 3

 147
EXCERCISE
 MAKE ANY 4X3 MATRIX AND ACCESS ITS
ELEMENTS FROM COLUMN 2 AND 3 THAT
LIE WITHIN ROW 3 AND 4
size() & length()
Mathematical operations
 +
 *
 /
 -
 In Matlab, these operators work the same way for a
matrix as they do for real numbers.
 However if you want to add/subtract etc two vectors
element wise then use a dot before the operator, like this:
 .*, .^ etc
Concatenating a matrix
 m1 =

 1 2
 4 5
 3 7
 m2 =

 70 0
 5 0
 6 4
 m3 =

 70 0
 5 0
 6 4
Concatenating a matrix
 >>new_matrix=[m1 m2 m3]===concencates these
three matrices row wise
 >> [m1 m2 m3]

 ans =

 70 0 70 0 70 0
 5 0 5 0 5 0
 6 4 6 4 6 4
Concatenating a matrix
 >>new_matrix=[m1; m2; m3]===concencates these three matrices column wise
 >> [m1; m2; m3]

 ans =

 70 0
 5 0
 6 4
 70 0
 5 0
 6 4
 70 0
 5 0
 6 4
Transpose()
Transposing a matrix
 matrixx =
 1 2 3
 4 5 5
 6 7 8
 To take transpose, just type
 >> matrixx'
 ans =
 1 4 6
 2 5 7
 3 5 8
Addition and Subtraction
Addition and Subtraction
Element-Wise Functions
Operators: element-wise
Operators: standard
Exercise: Vector Operations
Overwriting a row or column
 Suppose you want to overwrite the ith column of a
matrix A,
 >>A(:, i)=[1; 3; 6]
 Similarly, to overwrite a row:
 A(i, :)=[1 3 6]
 Just be sure that the number of elements in rows/
columns is in accordance with the dimensions of
the matrix!!
While loop
 Keeps on repeating a block of code until a specified
condition is met. E.g

 X=1;

 While x<=100
 X=x+1;
 end
FIND COMMAND
TRY THIS
 >>vec=[1 67 13 7 45 89];
 What is the difference between these two
commands:
 >>a=find(vec==13)
 >> [a b] = find (vec==13)
ALSO TRY THIS……
 Matt=[1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5]
 J=find(Matt==5)
 See J in the workspace.
 How do I know the total number of times that 5
occurs in the matrix?
Random numbers
 >>rand %random decimal no between 0 and 1

 >>randi(k) %gives any random integer less than


or equal to the integer ‘k’

 >>randi([a b]) %gives any random integer


between a and b (a and b included)
The Quit command
 Type this at the command window and press
enter…see what happens?

 >>quit

You might also like