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Digital Image Processing in Matlab

This document discusses various MATLAB concepts including: 1) 3D line plots using Plot3 and exercises to plot x, y, z vectors. 2) Removing specific rows and columns from matrices using removerows and manually setting rows/columns to empty matrices. 3) The magic square function and its properties of row, column and diagonal sums being equal.

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Hira Mazhar
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

Digital Image Processing in Matlab

This document discusses various MATLAB concepts including: 1) 3D line plots using Plot3 and exercises to plot x, y, z vectors. 2) Removing specific rows and columns from matrices using removerows and manually setting rows/columns to empty matrices. 3) The magic square function and its properties of row, column and diagonal sums being equal.

Uploaded by

Hira Mazhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

DIGITAL IMAGE

PROCESSING IN
MATLAB
LECTURE 4
3D Line Plots
Plot(1, 1, ‘ro’)
Plot3(1, 1, 1, ‘ro’)
Exercise

 Z=a row vector from 0 to 4*pi in 0.001 increments.


 X=sin(z)
 Y=cos(z)

Plot these in 3D
Plot3(x, y, z)

15

10

0
1
0.5 1
0 0.5
0
-0.5 -0.5
-1 -1
How to remove specific rows from your matrix?

 A=[ 1 2 4;
 5 6 7;
 8 9 0;
 2 6 9;];
 A_r=removerows(A, [1, 3])

 A_r = ROWS 1
AND 3
NOW
 5 6 7 REMOVED
 2 6 9 FROM A!
Or you can use a manual way…
 A=[ 1 2 4; Row 1 to row 3 and all
corresponding columns made
 5 6 7; empty----hence removed!
 8 9 0;
 2 6 9;];
 A( [1, 3] , : )=[ ]

 A=

 5 6 7 EXACT
SAME
 2 6 9 RESULT!
To remove columns

Use the manual way like you removed rows

Set the column you want to remove to be equal to an


empty matrix [ ].
Magic square
 It is one of the most interesting square matrices that
you will find

 >>magic(3)
 8 1 6
 3 5 7
 4 9 2

 Can you figure out what is so special about it?


Magic square
 >>magic (n)
 This command will give you an nxn matrix of
integers

 In this matrix, minimum integer=n and maximum


integer=n^2

 Sum of any row = sum of any column = constant


Magic(3)
SUM=15
 8 1 6
SUM=15
 3 5 7
SUM=15
 4 9 2

SUM=15 SUM=15 SUM=15


What exactly is so magical about this matrix?

 Matrix1=magic(19);

 Plot(Matrix1)
Magic(19)
400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Similarly magic(20) gives…..
400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Exercise

 Make a magic matrix of n=5


 Remove its row 1and 2 and columns 3 and 4
Solution

 m=magic(5)
 mm=removerows(m, [1, 2])
 mm(:, 4:5)=[]
Switch statements- a substitute of if else statements

 Suppose in your code, you have twenty different if


else conditions.
 It would be very confusing to list them all down
while coding- not to mention the headache it will
give the reader who is trying to understand your code
 Often, people will use an “If else if” statement where
a “Switch case” statement is going to be cleaner and
easier to understand and maintain.
Switch statements

 It allows you to branch among several cases just as


easily as between two cases, though the cases must
be described through equalities rather than
inequalities. Here is a simple example
A comparison…….
Using Strings with switch…
An example
 X= input('enter a number:');
 switch X
 case 1
 disp ('one');
 case 2
THE ‘OTHERWISE’ COMMAND
 disp ('two'); IS NOT NECESSARY….. JUST
LIKE AN ‘ELSE’ COMMAND IS
 otherwise NOT ALWAYS NECESSARY
WITH AN ‘IF’ COMMAND
 disp ('other');
 end
Functions
 Suppose there are a few lines of code that you need to
execute again and again in your program. Instead of
repeating those same lines again and again in your
script, a better practice would be to write them once
in a separate (function) file and whenever those lines
need to be executed, simply call that function.
 A function is a group of statements that together
perform a task. In MATLAB, functions are defined in
separate files. The name of the file and of the function
should be the same.
Basic types of functions

 No input, no output.
 Input(s), but no output.
 No input but output(s).
No input, no output

 function [ ]=hh( )
 disp(‘I am a function')
 End

 Call this function from your script or command


window using this command:
 >>hh
Input(s), but no output

 function [ ]=my_func(a, b)
 c=a+b;
 Disp( c )
 End

 Call this function from your script or command window


using this command:
 >>hh(f, g) %’f’ gets treated as ‘a’ and ‘g’ gets treated
as ‘b’ in the function
No input but output(s)
 function [c]=my_func(a, b)
 c=a+b
 End

 Call this function from your script or command window using this
command:
 >> p=my_func (g, k)

 NOTE:
 If there are multiple outputs p, q and u, call your function like this:
 >> [p q u]=my_func (g, k)
Exercise
 Write a script. That script will take two input
integers from user.
 Send them to a function that checks which integer
is greater, and it will return that integer.
Nested Loops

 MATLAB allows to use one loop inside another


loop. 
Nested for loop
Example
 Make any 5x4 matrix and display all its elements
using nested for loop.
Nested while loop
Example

 Take a user input number (which should be less


than or equal to 10) five times. If the user inputs a
number greater than 10, tell the user that this
number is invalid and that he should enter again.
Loop Control Statements

 break statement: Terminates the loop statement and


transfers execution to the statement immediately
following the loop.

 Continue statement: Causes the loop to skip the


remainder of its body and immediately retest its
condition prior to reiterating.
Break command

 for i=1:1:5
 if i==3
 break;
 end
 disp(i)
 end
Continue command

 for i=1:1:5
 if i==3
 continue;
 end
 disp(i)
 end
Remember this task from your prev assignment?

 Write a program that displays dice throw result (integer


between 1 and 6). After displaying that integer, the program
should ask the user if he wants to end the program.
 If the user presses ‘y’ or ‘Y’, the program should end.
 If the user presses ‘n’ or ‘N’, the program should display
another dice throw integer. After displaying that integer, the
program should ask again if the user wants to end the
program (and the cycle repeats).
 If a user enters any other character string then the program
should display ‘wrong entry, enter again’ and take the input
again.
Nested While and break command will make this
much more simple!!!
Debugging your program
 for i=1:1:5
 if i==3
 continue;
 end
 if i==4
 break;
 end
 disp(i)
 disp('done that')
 end
Continuation marks

  continue a statement to the next line using ellipsis


(….)
 g=[1 2 3....
 4 5 6]
 Is the same as
 g=[1 2 3 4 5 6]
Continuation
 For strings:
 g=['hello, I am....
 Kate']
 THIS WILL GIVE AN ERROR!
 The string must end on the same line that it started on, you
can define different strings in new line though.
 g=['hello, I am '....
 'Kate']
 Gives
 g = ‘hello, I am Kate’
Some other tips

 Vec=[a b c] and Vec=[a, b, c] both commands


create a row vector.

 Vec=[a; b; c] and Vec=[a (enter) b(enter) c] both


commands create a column vector.

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