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Describing Cable Technology: Teleworker Connectivity

The document describes cable technology components and standards. Main components are the headend and distribution network. Standards include NTSC, PAL, and SECAM for analog TV. Cable uses coaxial cable to transmit signals and overcomes poor over-the-air reception. It supports multiple services like video, voice, and data. DOCSIS specifies the interface for data over cable through RF channels between cable modems and the headend. The hybrid fiber-coaxial network architecture segments the cable system.

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43 views

Describing Cable Technology: Teleworker Connectivity

The document describes cable technology components and standards. Main components are the headend and distribution network. Standards include NTSC, PAL, and SECAM for analog TV. Cable uses coaxial cable to transmit signals and overcomes poor over-the-air reception. It supports multiple services like video, voice, and data. DOCSIS specifies the interface for data over cable through RF channels between cable modems and the headend. The hybrid fiber-coaxial network architecture segments the cable system.

Uploaded by

rajkumarlodh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Teleworker Connectivity

Describing Cable Technology


Cable Technology
Terms
Cable Technology Terms

• Broadband
• CATV
• Coaxial cable
• Tap
• Amplifier
• HFC
• Downstream
• Upstream
Cable System Standards

Standard Description

NTSC • Technical standard for analog TV system


used in North America
• Uses a 6-MHz modulated signal
PAL • Color encoding system used in broadcast
television systems in most of the world
• Uses 6-MHz, 7-MHz, or 8-MHz modulated
signal
SECAM • An analog color TV system used in France
and some Eastern European countries
• Uses an 8-MHz modulated signal
Cable System
Components
Cable System Components

Component Description
Antenna site • A location with the main receiving
antennas and satellite dishes
Headend • A facility where signals are received,
processed, formatted, and combined
• Transmits cable signals through
distribution network to subscribers
Transportation • Links a remote antenna site to a
network headend
Distribution network • Comprised of trunk and feeder cables
Subscriber drop • Devices and parts used to connect to
the distribution network
Cable Features
What Is Cable?

• Cable refers to use of coaxial cable or fiber for signal


transmission.
• Cable solves the problem of poor over-the-air TV reception.
• CATV originally meant “community antenna television.”
Cable System Benefits

• Cable is cost-effective as “broadcast” architecture is


cascaded to users.
• Cable supports different services:
– Analog video
– Digital video
– Voice
– Data
• Inexpensive high-speed Internet access enables the
application of advanced SOHO and teleworker deployments.
Digital Signals over RF
Channels
DOCSIS

• DOCSIS is a standard for certification of cable equipment


vendor devices (cable modem and cable modem termination
system).
• DOCSIS specifies the physical and MAC layers.
• DOCSIS defines RF interface requirements for a data-over-
cable system.
• Cable equipment vendors must pass certification conducted
by CableLabs.
• Euro-DOCSIS is a variation adapted for use in Europe.
Digital Signals over Radio Waves

• Cable uses a part of RF electromagnetic frequencies.


• Cable can transmit signals simultaneously in either direction.
• RF portion used is subdivided for the two paths:
– Downstream: Headend-to-subscriber has 810 MHz of RF bandwidth.
– Upstream: Subscriber-to-headend has 37 MHz of RF bandwidth.
Data over Cable
Fiber Benefits

• Lessens the use of amplifiers


• Thin and lightweight
• Covers long distances
• Cheaper than pure coaxial network
• Easy to handle
• Immune to external interference
HFC Architecture

Cable network is segmented into service areas (segments):


• Less amplifiers are cascaded
• Reliability and quality is improved
• Operating costs are reduced
Data over Cable

• Data service runs between cable modem and CMTS.


• Users on a segment share upstream and downstream
bandwidth.
Cable Technology:
Putting It All Together
Putting Cable Technology All Together
Data Cable Technology Issues

Subscribers in a service area share the cable:


• Bandwidth shortage (can be resolved by the cable operator)
• Security issues (can be resolved by the cable modem)
Provisioning a Cable
Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Process for Provisioning a Cable Modem
Summary

• Main cable system components are headend, transportation network,


distribution network, and subscriber drop.
• The cable system standards include NTSC, PAL, and SECAM.
• The term “cable” describes the use of a coaxial cable for signal transmission.
• Cable system architecture provides a cost-effective “broadcast” architecture
cascaded to users.
• A cable system supports multiple services: analog and digital video, voice,
and data.
• DOCSIS is the cable service interface standard for data carried across RF
interfaces.
• The DOCSIS CMTS communicates through channels with cable modems
located in subscriber homes.
Summary (Cont.)

• An RF spectrum is defined for the downstream and upstream


paths.
• The HFC architecture consists of fiber and coaxial cabling,
which carry RF signals toward the subscriber.
• Fiber is used to overcome the limitations of the trunk coaxial
cable.
• Users share bandwidth in the service area.
• The cable modem provisioning process is defined by
DOCSIS.

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