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Session 4 How To Write A Term Paper

This document provides guidance on conducting a term paper, including: 1) Searching the library database and refining searches to find relevant literature. 2) Assessing the quality and relevance of studies based on whether they have been published. 3) Outlining the typical sections of a term paper, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis and results, and conclusions.

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Krutarth Patel
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54 views

Session 4 How To Write A Term Paper

This document provides guidance on conducting a term paper, including: 1) Searching the library database and refining searches to find relevant literature. 2) Assessing the quality and relevance of studies based on whether they have been published. 3) Outlining the typical sections of a term paper, including an introduction, literature review, methodology, analysis and results, and conclusions.

Uploaded by

Krutarth Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to write a term paper-II

Session 4
An easier way to search for literature
• Go to JGU library
• Click on EBSCO Research
Database
• Refine your search based on
your search criteria
• Export your search results after
editing your page options and
relevance as shown in the next 2
slides
Click save
Assess study quality
• Following the full text review, assess the selected studies for risk of
bias and study quality.
• Primary concern for you in this course is relevance of the paper.
• This is denoted by whether it has been published or not.
• Despite the risk of publication bias, we’ll take up this route for the
class project.
Motivation (1) Conceptual Framework

Research Design
Discussed in Chapter 1 •Sustainability innovation
- Concept
- Drivers
- Debates on relationship between institutions and Sustainability-oriented Innovations (SI)
• National Innovations System (NIS) Framework
• Co-evolutionary framework
• Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework
• Business Models and Dynamic Capabilities
• Multi-Perspective Framework (Mid-range theory) (Chapter 2)
(2)

(3) (2)
Research Questions
Methods and Data Discussed in Chapter 2
• Multiple case-study analysis
• Stages of Commercialization of PSIs
• Interviews (based on interview guide- in Result (4) (5)

person, Working definition of SI (Chapter 2)


(4) Theoretical Framework to understand role of
Skype, telephone, email) Validity
• Conversations (off-record) institutions in facilitating SI (Chapter 7)
Across Case Analysis to understand the use of • Validation of SI definition
• Observations
business models by firms to ensure (Chapter 3)
• Field notes • Triangulation of data
• informal Focus groups (Chapter sustainability while commercialising an SI
(Chapters 4,5,6,8) • Triangulation of theories
3) - Across-case comparisons
(5)
(5)
Methodology
• What is the approach, quantitative or qualitative?
• Why that method?
• Which variables?
• What is the data source and type?
• Is it based on a randomized sample or purposive?
• How will the data be analyzed?
Grounded theory
• Method of scientific research that allows the researcher to inductively
derive a theory by data coding techniques
• It systematically analyzes and interprets data
• There’s no theory to begin with
• Data leads to theory
• Engagement with literature and data together
• Research question needs to be rephrased and polished
Grounded theory: Coding
• Step 1: Invivo codes = picking names from text data Open
coding

• Step 2: Refine codes = combine codes, remove codes and


rename codes based on your knowledge of literature Axial
coding
• Step 3: Code categories
Extract data
Analyze and present results
• The findings from individual studies are aggregated to produce a type of
evidence synthesis appropriate to the type of data within the review.
• Narrative synthesis – findings are summarized and explained in words
• Quantitative/statistical synthesis – data from individual studies are combined
statistically and then summarized (meta‐analysis)
Tables and Figures

• Tables and figures are used to present included studies and their findings
in a systematic and clear format.
• Flow diagram
• Summary of findings table
Interpret results and draw conclusions
• Statement of findings, discussion and conclusions
• Information on all important outcomes, including adverse outcomes
• Quality of evidence for each outcome
• Likely explanation of counter intuitive outcomes
Have I done enough or do I need to read
more?
• Is my question relevant?
• Is my methodology adequate to answer my question?
• Is my data enough?
• Is my application of method to analyse the data correct?
• Can I explain my counter-intuitive results?
• Will my research be accepted?
• Who’s my audience?
• Is my question interesting to them?
• Am I using the field’s terminology?
Whether and when to update
• Decisions about whether and when to update a systematic review
• The currency of the question asked
• The need for updating to maintain credibility
• The availability of new evidence
• Whether new research or new methods will affect the findings
Visual representation of Analyses
Analysis of Rehab Medicine Department : Chris Belter
Dots in the map
represent papers
by the Rehab
Medicine
Department, dot
size indicates the
paper’s times
cited count, and
dot color indicates
the paper’s topic
as described on
the right of the
topic page.

Lines indicate
shared references
between the
connected
papers.
What is a meta-analysis?
- Optional
• Optional component of a systematic review
• A statistical analysis of results from individual studies
• Increases power
• Improves estimates of the size of the effect
• Resolves uncertainty when reports disagree
Compiling paper
- Format
• Abstract and Keyword
• Introduction => Problem statement and defining context
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Analysis and Results
• Validity (not doing for this project)
• Conclusion
• References
References APA
• Mendeley
• Google scholar citations
• Get citations from a journal database
• Write your own citations by going to
• https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_fo
rmatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_books.html

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