LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Definition
Table of Laplace Transform
Theorems and Properties of Laplace Transform
 DEFINITION
A general Laplace transform is
defined as:

L f  t   F  s    f  t  e dt
 st

0
where s is a parameter assumed
to be a real number

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 Since f (t ) is a function of time, in
many real problems only values of
t 0
are of interest.
f (t ) t  0
In other words t  0is defined for
only and for all, is taken to be 0.

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 COMMON NOTATIONS FOR
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS
1. L f  t 
The transform can be
written in various 2. Lf
notations, which
3. L f 
include:
4. f  s
~
5. f  s

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 WAYS OF OBTAINING
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Laplace transform can be obtained in
3 ways :

1. By definition
2. By table of Laplace transform
3. By properties and theorems

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Laplace transform by definition
To transform the function by
definition, we will implement
the general form of LT and
perform integration.

L f  t   f  t  e

st
dt
0

6
 EXAMPLE 1
Use the definition of Laplace
transform to prove that
k
L k  
s
K is the target Output
function

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 
L f  t   f  t  e
General

st
definition: dt
0

L k   
 st
Implement
the function: ke dt
0



st
k e dt
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0 8
 
Perform e   st
Range of
integration:
 k  integration
  s 0

Substitute   e  s      e  s  0  
the range  k   
value:   s    s 
0
The value
divided by   1   1 
 k      0 
infinity is
  se    se 
insignificant:
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 Finally, the   1 
remaining  k   
fraction will be:    s 

k
  Proven
s

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 EXAMPLE 2
Use the definition of Laplace
transform to prove that

 
Le at

1
sa

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 
L f  t   f  t  e

st
dt
0 The property
 of (e^x)(e^y)

Le    e
at at
e st
dt
= (e^x+y)

0
 
 s a  t
 e 
at st
dt  e 
0
dt
0
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 
 e  s a  t 
 
   s  a 0
Infinity * value
= infinity

 e   s a      e   s a  0  
   
   s  a      s  a  
0
 1   1 
     0 
   s  a  e     s  a  e 


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   1 
   
    s  a  

1
  Proven
sa

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 Table of Laplace transform
A list of Laplace
transform is
given as follow:

15
 EXAMPLE 3

determine Lt 
Use the table of Laplace transform3to

From table

 
Lt n n!
 n 1
s
L t 3 3!
 3 1
s
6
 4
s
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 EXAMPLE 4
Use the table of Laplace transform to
determine
 3t
L e cos 4t 
From table
 at

L e cos bt 
s a
 s  a 2
b 2

Hence  3t
 L e cos 4t  s 3

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 s  3 2
 16
17
 LINEARITY PROPERTIES OF
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

L kf  t   kL f  t   kF  s 

L f  t   g  t   L f  t   L g  t 

 F  s   G s 
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 EXAMPLE 5
Determine the Laplace transform of :
1 4
f (t )  1  2t  t
3
1 4 
L{ f (t )}  L{1}  L{2t}  L  t 
3 
1 1 4 
L{ f (t )}   L{2t}  L  t 
s 3 

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 1 1 1 4 
L{ f (t )}   (2) 2  L  t 
s s 3 

1 1  1  4! 
L{ f (t )}   (2) 2    5 
s s  3  s 
1 2 8
L{ f (t )}   2  5
s s s

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 EXAMPLE 6
Determine the Laplace transform of :
f (t )  6 sin(3t )  4 cos(5t )

 3   5 
L{ f (t )}  6 2 2
  4 2 2

 s 3   s 5 
 1   1 
L{ f (t )}  18 2   20 2 
 s 9  s  25 
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 EXAMPLE 7
Determine the Laplace transform of :
2
f (t )  sin t

We have to
convert the sinc
function before
transform it

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 1
f (t )  sin t   1  cos(2t ) 
2
2
1   1 
L{ f (t )}  L      cos(2 s )
2  2 
 1  1   1  t 
L{ f (t )}        2 2

 2  s   2  s  2 
1 t
L{ f (t )}   2
2 s 2( s  4 )
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 EXERCISE
Determine the Laplace transform of :
2t t
f (t )  5e  3e

f (t )  cos(3t  5)  t

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