Scribd
Upload
3K views

Ash Handling System

The document discusses ash handling systems in coal power plants. It defines ash as residue remaining after coal combustion and explains that ash handling is necessary due to the large volumes of ash produced daily. It describes how bottom ash falls in the furnace while fly ash is carried by flue gas, and the systems used to collect, transport, and dispose of each ash type either wet or dry. The key components and processes for bottom ash and fly ash handling systems are outlined. Finally, common utilization methods for ash are listed.

Uploaded by

jkhan_724384
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views

Ash Handling System

The document discusses ash handling systems in coal power plants. It defines ash as residue remaining after coal combustion and explains that ash handling is necessary due to the large volumes of ash produced daily. It describes how bottom ash falls in the furnace while fly ash is carried by flue gas, and the systems used to collect, transport, and dispose of each ash type either wet or dry. The key components and processes for bottom ash and fly ash handling systems are outlined. Finally, common utilization methods for ash are listed.

Uploaded by

jkhan_724384
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Ash Handling

System

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 1


WHAT IS ASH?
Ash is the residue remaining after the coal has been
incinerated to constant weight under standard conditions.
Ash is oxidised form of the mineral matters present in

coal.
Typical ash composition : SiO , Al O , Fe O , CaO,
2 2 3 2 3
MgO etc.
Coal with more SiO & Al O , Ash MP > 1400ºC
2 2 3
Coal with more Fe O , CaO & MgO, Ash MP < 1100ºC
2 3

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 2


WHY ASH HANDLING?

Ash content of Indian coal used in power station is


about 30 to 40 %.
A typical 2000 MW station produce around 9000T to

12000T of ash per day.


This huge amount of ash needs to be disposed off

continuously.
Necessary care to be taken for preventing pollution

Ash Handling system takes care the above requirement

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 3


WHAT HAPPENS TO THE ASH
PRODUCED?
20 % Of the ash falls at the bottom of the furnace known
as Bottom Ash (BA).
80 % of the ash carried away with flue gas known as FA.
BA can form slag and clinker depending on the temp.

of the combustion zone and environment inside.


reducing environment (Less O2) reduces ash MP.
BA is disposed off through BA disposal system.
FA is collected through ESP and disposed through FA

disposal system.
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 4
Overburden Surge Pile

Coal Seam Pulverize (-150)

Electrostatic Precipitator Boiler


Flue Gas Flue Gas
Fly Ash
Fly Ash Bottom Ash

Bottom
Fly Ash
Ash
Smoke
Stack

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 5


Ash volumes and properties
Furnace ESP
(1300 - 1500°C) Electrostatic
Precipitator
Economizer Stack

Air
Pulverized Preheater
Coal

Stage B: 17 %
Stage A: 80 %

Stage C: 3 %
Coal Bottom Ash Eco Ash APH Ash Fly ash
100 % 10-20 % 1% 1% 80-90 % Ash
Fineness
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 6
BA Handling System
BA can be collected at furnace bottom as Wet or Dry form.
Wet bottom ash system consists of i)Trough seal, ii)BA

gate, iii)Hopper, iv)Scrapper Conveyer, v)Clinker grinder,


vi)BA trench, vii)BA tank, viii)BA pump, ix)BA pond.
Dry BA consists of i)Trough seal, ii)BA gate, iii)Hopper,

iv)Scrapper Conveyer, v)Clinker grinder, vi)Silo.


Trough seal : A channel around the furnace bottom

filled with water where the furnace bottom end is


immersed in water. This is to prevent air ingression in the
boiler during operation.

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 7


Direct Disposal

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 8


BA Handling System
BA Gate: Each hopper has separate gate to isolate Scrapper
conveyor from running furnace for any repairing at scrapper.
Scrapper Conveyer : Consists of number of scrapper bars
fasten at both the ends with two chain which can run on
chain pulley and driven by scrapper conveyor motor. The
whole conveyor is submerged in water for wet BA system.
Bottom ash after falling on scrapper is scrapped away by the
running conveyor to one end of the conveyor to clinker
grinder.
Clinker grinder : Any big size ash clinker is crushed to
enable to be carried away by water jet through BA trench.
BA trench : Through water jet ash slurry is carried away to
BA tank
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 9
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 10
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 11
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 12
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 13
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 14
BA Handling System
BA pump : Ash slurry handling pump. It carries ash to the BA pond.
Depending on the distance of BA pond two or more BA pumps
connected in series.
BA pond : Finally ash is discharged to ash pond. It is a large area
surrounded by embankment. Ash mixed with water is allowed to settle
for considerable time. Water from top surface is allowed to go out
from the pond through a designed escape route. Quality of water
discharge is always monitor for turbidity and heavy metal. Piezo meter
is used for monitoring the slope stability of the embankment.
BA Supporting water pumps
LP BA pump : Supply water to trough seal, scrapper conveyor sump,
BA sump and LP jets.
HP BA pump : HP jets in BA trench and line cleaning.
June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 15
Dry BA Handling System

Dry BA collection system after clinker grinder collect ash


to silo through a transport mechanism for further transport
through road system.

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 16


June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 17
FA Handling System
FA is collected from Air heater hopper, Eco hopper and
ESP hopper.
Either through flushing apparatus or hydrobactur system.
In Flushing apparatus system ash is allowed to fall in
flushing apparatus under gravitation.
Water jet in flushing apparatus carries away the ash to FA
trench
High pressure jets further carries it to FA sump.
Series pumping carries the ash slurry to FA pond.

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 18


June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 19
Dry FA Handling System

Hydrobackter is a vacuum device to collect ash from the


hopper.
Water jet ejectors used for creating vacuum.
Dry ash thus collected to silo through belt conveyor.
Dry ash is disposed through road transport to a dry ash
disposal system. Part of it sold for commercial purpose

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 20


June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 21
ASH UTILISATION
Major usage of ash
•Fly ash bricks / blocks
•Cellular concrete products
•Light weight aggregates
•Concrete and mortar
•In manufacture of cement
•In manufacture of asbestos products
•Road construction
•Embankment/back fills/land development
•Controlled low strength material (CLSM)
•In agriculture
•Mine filling
•Manufacture of fertiliserPMI Revision 00
June 15, 2020 22
Other usage
•Manufacture of distemper
•Floor and wall tiles
•Refractory bricks
•Manufacture of ceramics
•Use with Ferro cement
•Recovery of metals
•Use in grouting
•Manufacture of alum
•Extraction of Cenospheres
•Domestic cleaning powder
•In synthetic wood

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 23


THANK YOU

June 15, 2020 PMI Revision 00 24

You might also like