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Geology Lec - 03

This document provides information about different types of rocks through a geology lecture on rock classification and the rock cycle. It discusses three main categories of rocks: igneous rocks formed by cooling magma, either underground as intrusive rocks or above ground as extrusive rocks; sedimentary rocks formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments; and metamorphic rocks formed by the alteration of existing rocks by heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It also explains the rock cycle by which rocks are continuously being formed, altered, and destroyed through natural geological processes. Students are assigned to collect and characterize examples of different rock types within 10 days.

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muhammad jehangir
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46 views

Geology Lec - 03

This document provides information about different types of rocks through a geology lecture on rock classification and the rock cycle. It discusses three main categories of rocks: igneous rocks formed by cooling magma, either underground as intrusive rocks or above ground as extrusive rocks; sedimentary rocks formed by the compaction and cementation of sediments; and metamorphic rocks formed by the alteration of existing rocks by heat, pressure, and chemical processes. It also explains the rock cycle by which rocks are continuously being formed, altered, and destroyed through natural geological processes. Students are assigned to collect and characterize examples of different rock types within 10 days.

Uploaded by

muhammad jehangir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

IQRA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
Lecture 03
Classification of Rocks, Rock Cycle

PREPARED BY ENGR. IMTIAZ KHAN LECTURER CED ,INU PESH 1


ROCKS

Rocks are classified in to three categories;


What is igneous rock?

Igneous – fire

Rock Resulting or produced from fire.

Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and


solidification of magma ( or lava).

MAGMA : Melted material inside earth crust.

LAVA : Magma erupt to the surface of earth.


MAGMA & LAVA
Igneous rock

Classified in two categories;

INTRUSIVE

EXTRUSIVE
INTRUSIVE ROCKS

Intrusive rocks form from magma underground, often relatively deep in the Earth.

Cools slowly

Large crystal forms


INTRUSIVE ROCKS

Any crystal bigger than 1mm signify that the rock is intrusive
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS

Extrusive rocks form from lava at the surface of the Earth.

Fast cooling (in contact with air)

Small or no crystals

May be vesicular (air bubbles)


EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Sediments are fragments of rocks that are broken down as a result of weathering
(wind , water, ice , gravity etc)

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or
deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic
particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth's surface.
TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

ORGANIC /CRYSTALLINE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS


CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Compacted sediments

Classified by size
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Clastic
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Clastic
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Sandstone siltstone shale


ORGANIC /CRYSTALLINE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Evaporates & Precipitates

Biological matter
crystalline
ORGANIC /CRYSTALLINE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Organic
ORGANIC /CRYSTALLINE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Metamorphic rocks arise from the


transformation of existing rock types, in a
process called metamorphism, which means
"change in form". The original rock is
subjected to heat and pressure, causing
profound physical or chemical change. The
protolith may be a sedimentary, igneous, or
existing metamorphic rock.
Types
Types of AMETAMORPHIC ROCKS

Contact metamorphism

Regional metamorphism
CONTACT METAMORPHISM

Rock formed due to


heat.
REGIONAL METAMORPHISM

Rock formed
due to
pressure.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS EXAMPLES
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock
Weathering
Transport &
Deposition

Sediment
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock
Weathering
Transport &
Deposition

Sediment
Lithification

Sedimentary Rock
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock
Weathering
Transport &
Deposition

Sediment
Weathering
Transport & Lithification
Deposition

Sedimentary Rock
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock
Weathering
Transport &
Deposition

Sediment
Heat &
Pressure Weathering
Transport & Lithification
Deposition

Heat &
Metamorphic Rock Pressure Sedimentary Rock
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock
melting
Weathering
Transport &
me

Deposition
lti
ng

melting
Sediment
Heat &
Pressure Weathering
Transport & Lithification
Deposition

Heat &
Metamorphic Rock Pressure Sedimentary Rock
The Rock Cycle

cools & solidifies Igneous


Magma
Rock

melting
Weathering
Transport &
me

Weathering Deposition
lti
ng

melting Transport &


Deposition Sediment
Heat &
Pressure Weathering
Transport & Lithification
Deposition

Heat &
Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock
Pressure
ASSIGNMENT NO :1

Indentify &Collect at least three rocks of each categories


( Igneous , sedimentary and metamorphic).

Name and characterize (properties) it in enclosed box.

Time limit for the mentioned Assignment ends after 10 days from today.
END OF THE LECTURE

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