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University of Tishk: Construction Management Week 4 Module Code: CE 324 Module Credits: 4 By: Awesar Abid

This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 8 on planning from a construction management textbook. It discusses 4 main topics: 1) why and how managers plan, including the benefits of planning, 2) types of plans used by managers like strategic, tactical, and operational plans, 3) planning tools and techniques such as forecasting, contingency planning, and benchmarking, and 4) implementing plans through goal setting, alignment, and participation to achieve results. The document aims to help students understand the importance and process of planning for managers.

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30 views24 pages

University of Tishk: Construction Management Week 4 Module Code: CE 324 Module Credits: 4 By: Awesar Abid

This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 8 on planning from a construction management textbook. It discusses 4 main topics: 1) why and how managers plan, including the benefits of planning, 2) types of plans used by managers like strategic, tactical, and operational plans, 3) planning tools and techniques such as forecasting, contingency planning, and benchmarking, and 4) implementing plans through goal setting, alignment, and participation to achieve results. The document aims to help students understand the importance and process of planning for managers.

Uploaded by

kurdish falcon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Tishk

Construction Management

Week 4
Module Code: CE 324
Module Credits: 4
By: Awesar Abid

1
Planning Ahead — Chapter 8 Study Questions

1. Why and how do managers plan?


2. What types of plans do managers use?
3. What are the useful planning tools and
techniques?
4. How can plans be well implemented?
Chapter 8 Learning Dashboard

1. Why and How Managers Plan


1. Importance of planning
2. The planning process
3. Benefits of planning

2. Types of Plans Used by Managers


1. Long-range and short-range plans
2. Strategic and tactical plans
3. Operational plans
Chapter 8 Learning Dashboard

3. Planning Tools and Techniques


1. Forecasting
2. Contingency planning
3. Scenario planning
4. Benchmarking
5. Use of staff planners

4. Implementing Plans to Achieve Results


1. Goal setting
2. Goal alignment
3. Participation and involvement
Takeaway 1: Why and How Managers Plan

• Planning
– The process of setting objectives and determining
how to accomplish them
• Objectives and goals
– Identify the specific results or desired outcomes
that one intends to achieve
• Plan
– A statement of action steps to be taken in order
to accomplish the objectives
Takeaway 1: Why and How Managers Plan

• Steps in the planning process:


– Define your objectives
– Determine where you stand vis-à-vis objectives
– Develop premises regarding future conditions
– Analyze alternatives and make a plan
– Implement the plan and evaluate results
Figure 8.1 The roles of planning and controlling
in the management process
Takeaway 1: Why and How Managers Plan

• Benefits of planning:
– Improves focus and flexibility
– Improves action orientation
– Improves coordination and control
– Improves time management
Takeaway 1: Why and How Managers Plan

• Personal time management tips:


– DO say “no” to requests that distract from what
you should be doing
– DON’T get bogged down in details that can be
addressed later
– DO screen telephone calls, emails, and meeting
requests
Takeaway 1: Why and How Managers Plan

• More personal time management tips:


– DON’T let drop-in visitors instant messaging use
up your time
– DO prioritize your important and urgent work
– DON’T become calendar bound by letting others
control your schedule
– DO follow priorities; do most important and
urgent work first
Takeaway 2: Types of Plans Used by Managers

• Types of plans
– Long-term plans look three or more
years into the future
– Short-term plans typically cover one
year or less
Takeaway 2: Types of Plans Used by Managers

Most of us
• 3 month time
frame

A few of us
• 1 year time frame

Very few of us
• 20 year time
frame
Takeaway 2: Types of Plans Used by Managers

• Strategic plans — set broad, comprehensive,


and longer-term action directions for the
entire organization
• Vision – clarifies purpose of the organization
and what it hopes to be in the future
Takeaway 2: Types of Plans Used by Managers

• Tactical plan – helps to implement all or parts of the


strategic plan
• Functional plans – indicate how different operations
within the organization will help accomplish the
overall strategy
• Production plans
• Financial plans
• Facilities plans
• Logistics plans
• Marketing plans
• Human resource plans
Takeaway 2: Types of Plans Used by Managers

• Operational plans — identify short-term activities to


implement strategic plans
– Policies are standing plans the communicate guidelines
for decisions
– Procedures are rules that describe actions to be taken in
specific situations
– Budgets are plans the commit resources to projects or
activities
• Zero based budgets allocate resources as if each
budget were brand new
Takeaway 3: Planning Tools and Techniques

• Forecasting
– Attempts to predict the future
– Qualitative forecasting uses expert opinions
– Quantitative forecasting uses mathematical
models and statistical analysis of historical data
and surveys
Takeaway 3: Planning Tools and Techniques

• Contingency planning
– Identifying alternative courses of action to take
when things go wrong
– Contingency plans anticipate changing conditions

– Contingency plans contain trigger points


Takeaway 3: Planning Tools and Techniques

• Scenario planning
– A long-term version of contingency planning
– Identifying alternative future scenarios
– Plans made for each future scenario
– Increases organization’s flexibility and
preparation for future shocks
Takeaway 3: Planning Tools and Techniques

• Benchmarking
– Use of external and internal comparisons to plan
for future improvements
– Adopting best practices: things people and
organizations do that lead to superior
performance
– Staff planners assist in all steps of the planning
process
Takeaway 4: Implementing Plans to Achieve Results
Figure 8.2 A sample hierarchy
Takeaway 4: Implementing Plans to Achieve Results

• Goal Alignment Between Team Leader and


Team Member
– Jointly plan: set objectives, set standards, choose
actions
– Individually set: perform tasks (member), provide
support (leader)
– Jointly control: review results, discuss
implications, renew cycle
Takeaway 4: Implementing Plans to Achieve Results

• Participatory Planning
– unlocks the motivational potential of goal setting
– management by objectives (MBO) promotes
participation
– when participation is not possible, workers will
respond positively if supervisory trust and
support exist
Figure 8.3 How participation and involvement help build
commitment to plans

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