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Syed Hasan Saeed: Circuit Theory

This document discusses Norton's theorem for circuit analysis. Norton's theorem states that any linear DC network containing voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit with a single current source (IN) in parallel with a single resistance (RN). The document provides the procedure to calculate the Norton equivalent current and resistance by removing loads, shorting voltage sources, and calculating equivalent values. An example circuit is presented to demonstrate calculating the current through a resistor using Norton's equivalent circuit.

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Saidur Rahman Sid
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96 views

Syed Hasan Saeed: Circuit Theory

This document discusses Norton's theorem for circuit analysis. Norton's theorem states that any linear DC network containing voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit with a single current source (IN) in parallel with a single resistance (RN). The document provides the procedure to calculate the Norton equivalent current and resistance by removing loads, shorting voltage sources, and calculating equivalent values. An example circuit is presented to demonstrate calculating the current through a resistor using Norton's equivalent circuit.

Uploaded by

Saidur Rahman Sid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIRCUIT THEORY

NORTON’S THEOREM

SYED HASAN SAEED

Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 1


NORTON’S THEOREM

REFERENCE BOOKS
• Introductory Circuit Analysis, Robert L. Boylested, Pearson Education,
Prentice Hall.
• Networks And Systems, Ashfaq Husain, Khanna Book Publishing Co
(P)
Ltd. Delhi.
• Networks And Systems, A Sudhakr, Shyammohan S Palli, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi.
• Network Analysis, M.E. Van Valkenburg, PHI Learning Private limited,
New Delhi.
• Circuit Analysis Principle and Applications, Allan H. Robbins
&Wilhelm
C. Miller, DELMAR CENGAGE Learning, Indian Reprint.

Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 2


NORTON’S THEOREM
STATEMENT: Any linear, active, bilateral dc network having a number of
voltage sources and/or current sources with resistances can be replaced by
a simple equivalent circuit having single current source (IN) in parallel
with a single resistance (RN).
Where (IN) is the known as Norton’s equivalent current through the terminal
a-b.
(RN) is the Norton’s equivalent resistance viewed back into the network from
terminal a-b.

Note: independent voltage sources are short circuited and independent


current sources are open circuited. Dependent sources will remain in the
circuit for the calculation of Norton’s equivalent resistance.

Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 3


NORTON’S THEOREM
Procedure for converting any circuit into Norton's equivalent
circuit
Calculate Norton Current
Step 1: remove the load resistance RL (through which current is required) and
short circuit it. Let terminals of load are labelled as a-b. Therefore a-b is the
short circuited.
Step 2: Find the current through the terminal a-b by applying KCL, KVL, Ohm’s
law or Superposition principle. This current is the short circuit current and it is
known as Nortons equivalent current (IN).
Calculate Norton Resistance (equal to Thevinin resistance)
Step 3: Set all Independent voltage Sources as short circuit and Current Sources
open circuit. Dependent sources will not be changed
Step 4: Calculate the resistance as “seen” through the terminals a-b into the
network.
This resistance is known as Norton’s equivalent resistance (RN ).
Draw Equivalent Circuit
Step 5: Replace the entire network bysyed
Friday, July 26, 2019
Nortons equivalent current (IN) in parallel
hasan saeed 4
with Norton’s equivalent resistance (R ) and connect the load resistance R .
NORTON’S THEOREM

a
IL
IL
a
Linear, Active,
Bilateral RL IN RN RL
Network
b

b
Norton’s Equivalent Network

Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 5


NORTON’S THEOREM
Example: Find the current through 3 ohm resistor by Norton’s Theorem for
the network shown in fig.1a

R1 a R2
6 ohm 1 ohm
24V 3 ohm R3 12V

Fig. 1a b
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: Calculation of RN (calculation is same as Rth). Redraw the circuit by
removing the 3 ohm resistor and short circuit the voltage sources as
shown in fig. 1b

Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 6


NORTON’S THEOREM
Fig. 1b R2
6 ohm a 1 R1 and R2 are in parallel
ohm R1 R2
RN  61
R 1  R 2  6  0.857
b 1

RN

Step2: Calculation of Norton’s Current IN : Short circuit the terminals


a-b and the current flow through a-b is IN
R1 R2
Fig. 1c
I1 a I2
24V IN 12V
24 12
I N  I1  I2  6  1  16A

b
Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 7
NORTON’S THEOREM
Step2: Draw the Norton’s Equivalent Circuit:

IN 16A RN 0.857 ohm

Step3: Calculation of Current through R3, Reconnect R3 to Norton’s


Equivalent Circuit (Fig. 1e)

Apply Current divider rule


RN =
IN=16A 0.857 R3 = IL
3 Ohm RN
ohm IL  IN
RN  RL

0.857
IL   3.55A
16 0.857 
Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 3 8
THANK
YOU

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Friday, July 26, 2019 syed hasan saeed 9

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