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Cerebral Vascular Accident Cva or Stroke

Cerebral vascular accident, also known as stroke, is caused by either a cerebral infarction or hemorrhage resulting from a focal neurological deficit. High risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Strokes are classified based on their duration and severity, and can cause symptoms such as weakness, facial drooping, speech problems, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans, LP, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing vital functions, reducing ICP if elevated, giving antibiotics and antiemetics, and administering antiplatelets or surgery depending on the cause.

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ram krishna
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127 views8 pages

Cerebral Vascular Accident Cva or Stroke

Cerebral vascular accident, also known as stroke, is caused by either a cerebral infarction or hemorrhage resulting from a focal neurological deficit. High risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and smoking. Strokes are classified based on their duration and severity, and can cause symptoms such as weakness, facial drooping, speech problems, and loss of consciousness. Diagnosis involves investigations like CT scans, LP, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on stabilizing vital functions, reducing ICP if elevated, giving antibiotics and antiemetics, and administering antiplatelets or surgery depending on the cause.

Uploaded by

ram krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEREBRAL VASCULAR ACCIDENT

CVA OR STROKE
DEFINITION
• Focal neurological deficit either due to cerebral
infarction or haemorrhage result stroke,
• RISK FACTORS
• High risk factors-hypertension, diabetes
mellitus, atrial fibrillation, smoking, vasculitis
• Low risk factors-migrane, OCP, alcohol,
age,hereditary, previous stroke, polycythemia
antithrombin III deficiency
ETIOLOGY
CEREBRAL INFARCTION
• Atherosclerosis
• Arterial sclerosis, embolism, SLE ,trauma
CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
• Berry aneurysms
• Arterio-venous malformations
• Head injury
CLASSIFICATONS
• Transient stroke-the focal neurological deficit
resolves completely within 24 hours
• Completed stroke-the focal neurological deficit is
persistent and not worsening
• Progressing stroke: the focal neurological deficit
continues to worsen after 6 hours of onset
• Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit(RIND)-
the neurological deficit completely resolves
within a period of 3weeks
CLINICAL FEATURES
• On general examination:

• Assessment of GCS
• Blood pressure:hypertension/hypotension
• Respiration rate:altered
• Pulse rate: bradycardia
• Pupils:constricted in pontine haemorrhage, dilated
terminal stage
• Fundoscopy:papillodema
• Plantar response: upgoing
• Features of UMN lesion : spacity weakness, hyperreflexia,
hypertonia, facial palsy(either UMN or LMN palsy)
STROKE DUE TO INFARCTION:
• Stroke result in due to thrombo embolism
• Sudden but relatively goes on worsening
• Headache, vomiting
• Altered consciousness
• Hemiplegia
• Hemiparesis
• Facial deviation due to seventh cranial nerve involvement
• Change in voice, gait or ability to speak
• Bowel bladder involvement

STROKE DUE TO HAEMORRHAGE


• sudden onset, hsevere headache, vomiting, convulsions,
seizures,loss of consciousness, hemiplegia
• Facial nerve paralysis or other cranial nerve nvolvement
INVESTIGATIONS
• CBC(HB, TC, DC)ESR
• Blood glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes,
chest x ray
• ECG
• CT SCAN OF HEAD
• Lumbar puncture to rule out subarachnoid
haemorrhage
• Lipid profile
TREATMENT
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation maintenance
• Assessment of GCS
• To reduce raised intracranial pressure give 20%
mannitol
• Antibiotics
• Antiemetics for vomiting
• If embolism: give antiplatelets like( aspirin and
coplidogrel)
• Ifhaemorrhage: surgical treatment should be done

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