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Chapter 3 Method of Water Application For Irrigation (1) - 1

This document describes different methods of irrigation water distribution and application at the farm level. It discusses surface irrigation techniques like furrow irrigation, contour farming, and flooding methods. It also covers sprinkler irrigation and subsurface or drip irrigation. For each method, it provides details on how it works and examples of crop types it can be used for. The goal is to efficiently distribute irrigation water given available resources and soil/climate conditions.

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kashi Bhojia
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81 views

Chapter 3 Method of Water Application For Irrigation (1) - 1

This document describes different methods of irrigation water distribution and application at the farm level. It discusses surface irrigation techniques like furrow irrigation, contour farming, and flooding methods. It also covers sprinkler irrigation and subsurface or drip irrigation. For each method, it provides details on how it works and examples of crop types it can be used for. The goal is to efficiently distribute irrigation water given available resources and soil/climate conditions.

Uploaded by

kashi Bhojia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHODS OF

WATER
APPLICATION
AT FARM LEVEL
Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application

Introduction
As there is shortage of Irrigation Water availability, therefore the
available resource is being used in the most efficient and effective
manner. The following economical water use methods are commonly
applied in the field. However, each method is sites specific depending
upon the controlling of command area as well as the soil and
temperature characteristic.

1. Surface Irrigation
2. Sprinkler Irrigation
3. Sub Surface Irrigation

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application

1. Surface Irrigation Method


i. Furrow Method
• In this method, narrow channels or “furrows” are dug at
regular intervals. Water from the main supply is allowed into
enter these small channels or furrows (figure below).
• Water from the furrows infiltrates into the soil and spreads
laterally to saturate the root zone of the crops. It is suitable for
row crops like potatoes, sugarcane, tobacco, maize, cotton,
etc.

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Furrow Method

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Furrow Method

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application

ii) Contour Farming


• Contour farming is practiced in hilly areas with falling contour.
The land is divided into series of horizontal strips called
terraces as shown in the figure.
• Small bunds are constructed at the end of each terrace to hold
water upto required height.

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
iii) Flooding Method
This method is further classified as under;
o Free Flooding
o Basin Flooding
o Check Flooding
o Free Flooding
• With the help of field channel, agricultural land is divided
into plots as shown in figure.

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application

o Basin Flooding
• This method is used frequently to irrigate the orchards. It is
a special type of check flooding method.

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
• As shown in the figure each tree (sometimes a group of trees)
is enclosed by circular channel which is called basin. Basins
are connected to small field ditches.
• Ditches are fed from the main supply channel. When the basins
are flooded, the supply is stopped. Portable pipes or large
hoses may also be used in place of ditches to flood the basin.
o Check Flooding
• In check flooding the crop area is divided into some plots
which are relatively leveled by bunds. Water from field channel
is allowed to enter to each plots to flooded to the required
depth.

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
2. Sprinkler Irrigation Method
 In this method, water is applied to the crop in the form of sprinkle
or spray with the “combination of pump, main pipe, sub main
pipe, nozzle, etc”. It is kind of artificial rainfall and therefore, it is
very fruitful for crops grown in a farm.
 As shown in the figure below ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ water is sprinkled by
perforated lateral, fixed nozzle and rotatory sprinkled in the crop
field.

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Sprinkler Irrigation Method

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Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Sprinkler Irrigation Method

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Sprinkler Irrigation
Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
3. Sub Surface Irrigation (Drip or Trickle Irrigation)
 Sprinkler irrigation is not suitable in the region of high temperature,
high wind velocity and low humidity due to excessive loss by
evaporation. In such regions drip or trickle irrigation is most
suitable.
 This method consists of carrying the irrigation water through pipe
and water is allowed to drip or trickle in the root zone of the crops
under low pressure.
Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Components of Drip Irrigation
Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Components of Drip Irrigation
Drip Irrigation
Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Advantages of Drip Irrigation
 Excellent control of water is possible as water can be applied at the
rate to the consumptive use of crop.
 Evaporation from soil is reduced to minimum.
 Deep percolation of water is entirely eliminated.
 Nutrients can be applied directly to plant roots by adding
liquid fertilizer to the water.
 Although initial cost is high, maintenance and labour may be low
once the system is set up.
 It is the best method of reclaiming desert areas.
 Less requirement of water as loss is minimum.
 Insect and pest combating chemical can be directly applied in the
root zone.
Methods of Irrigation Water Distribution / Application
Disadvantages of Drip Irrigation
 Dripper or nozzle blockage is likely to occur by soil particles, as the
size of nozzle varies from 0.5 to 2 mm.

 Due to high initial cost, farmers normally do not prefer this method.

 It is only suitable for close growing crops like vegetables etc.

 Plastic pipes used are of low durability, therefore, there is a need for
frequent replacement.

 Frequent change of trickle lines are necessary as spacing of nozzle is


different for types of crops.

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