HVAC

HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING

PRESENTED BY STEPHANIE CLAIRE & ACEL
 HVAC PRIMARY USE:

• STAY SAFE

• REDUCE ODORS, BACTERIA, ALLERGENS AND

CONTAMINATE

• STAY COMFORTABLE

• BY CIRCULATING THE AIR IN A GIVEN SPACE

 1000S-1400S

• Roman’s used to use something known as hypocaust

(a central heating system which has furnace in the
basement and flues to distribute heat). It has a system
for radiating heat for rooms and even steam for the
bath of the rich.
 1500S- 1600S

• In France, ventilating machines were used to have a

series of fans with blades which used to direct fresh
air into the shaft. This was the time when the idea of
houses with chimneys came to America from Europe.
 1700S-1800S

• Many countries used to use stove built of bricks or

fuller’s earth. Fahrenheit invented the first mercury
thermometer. The first ventilator using centrifugal fan
was made.
 1900’S

• This era saw a sudden steep in the inventions and

evolution of the HVAC systems. Furnace system with
centrifugal fans, high pressure steam heating systems,
massive fan systems and high speed centrifugal fans
and axial flow fans with small electric motors were in
extremely high usage.
 HVAC HISTORY

• Ancient Egypt: They were one of the first people to use a

rudimentary form of air conditioning by hanging wet cloths in
doorways to create an evaporation cooling effect. When the
wind blew past such hangings, it produced a fresher breeze.
 HVAC HISTORY

•• Ancient
Ancient China:
Rome:Air cooling can
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were used back as early
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AD in China,
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even Huan. Huan
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were routed Huan
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to circulate wateraand
breeze.
cool the air.
 OPERATION OF AN
AIRCONDITIONING PLANT
PRESENTED BY JULIUS & ASER JESER

Group 1
 MAIN COMPONENTS

• Evaporator
Thermostat
Furnace: coil:
Your- ThisTheis evaporator
furnace the most
is the coil
starobvious
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and itthe
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furnace is
your home.
be set
designedmanually and which
to heat air, programmed
is then to keep your
distributed to home
differentat your idealof temperature.
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When
via the ambient
ductwork temperature
or piping. Furnacesgetsusetoo hot heat
varied or cold, the thermostat
sources, including solartriggers your
energy,
HVAC
heat system
pumps, to start
electric circulating
resistance, andaircombustion.
as needed.
 MAIN COMPONENTS

Refrigerant lines: These lines carry refrigerant to the condensing unit in the form
• Vents:
Condensing
of This unit:
gas.These are This
gastheis unitthat
outlets is found
transformed help on the outside
to distribute
liquid ofand
heatedthen
form, your homeairand
cooled
transferred filled
from
back towith
the duct
the
what is into
system called
evaporator therefrigerant
coil. gas. When
various rooms the refrigerant
of your is cooled,
home. They're generallythe condensing
found near unit
the
pumps with
ceiling this liquid
angle to the evaporator
slats, designed tocoil
sendtothe
be transformed
air downward. intoIt'sgas again. to ensure
important
these vents don't become blocked.
 Simple Air conditioning

Basic Heating And Cooling Process

Using HVAC
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION

• Heat Pump - Heat pumps are an efficient system that extracts heat from a cold
space (such as the outdoors during winter), and then warms and releases it into
a room so as to control the temperature inside. When used for heating,

• Heat pumps can also be used for cooling a room, reversing the flow of air to
again expel the heated air that is brought into the system. Their real strength,
however, benefits those who are in need of heating, as heat pumps can be up to
four times as efficient in their use of power than more traditional heater
systems.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION
• Roof Top Unit - Rooftop units are also often known as air handlers, and as their
name suggests, they’re a large HVAC system that is placed on a rooftop in order to
moderate the temperature of a large space. Inside the big boxes that you see on top
of office or apartment buildings are a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter
racks, and chambers and dampers.
• These boxes typically connect with a ductwork ventilation system, that will then
distribute the air through the building before returning it to the box to either
discharge or return air back into the system (depending on the model).
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION

• Water Source Heat Pump - For those who are interested in sustainable cooling and/or
heating, the water source heat pump - or broadly, any geothermal heat pump - is the way
to go.
• Water source heat pumps are relatively uncommon as they require proximity to a body
of water; geothermal heat pumps, however, are rapidly escalating in popularity.
• Regardless of whether it’s a system drawing on water or the ground, these pumps offer
both heating and cooling systems that transfer heat into or out of the ground by taking
advantage of the more moderate temperatures of the earth to boost the efficiency of the
system.
• Taking this system one step further, however, would involve drilling down to create a
bore near the HVAC system.
• The cooled water underneath the earth could then be drawn on by the system to provide
drinking water and feed an open-loop heat pump. This would take the heat from the
water and use it to raise the heat in a home’s water system, providing heating and hot
water. Excess grey water can then be used for irrigation for the garden.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION

• Packed HVAC - Packaged air conditioners look a little like the rooftop units, but
are designed for smaller domestic use., the packaged air conditioner has been
designed to accommodate the needs of anyone who fits between those two frames.
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION

• Split System HVAC - The term ‘split system’ simply refers to an air conditioning
unit where key components are separated and deployed in different places. They
come in two forms - mini split (also called a ‘ductless system’) and a central system

• Central systems are ducted systems that are designed specifically around cooling
the space, and are able to offer multi-zone temperature control capability through
the use of air-louver-control boxes.

• This is good for spaces that are used sporadically, and they can be ‘switched off’
when nobody is using the space so as to save on costs.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION
 THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF HVAC
OPERATION

• Ductless System - The smallest of all

systems, the ductless or mini split air
conditioner is designed for small
deployments such as a single large
room, or multiple small rooms.
• They require minimal wall space,
and the compressor and heat
exchanger unit can be located further
away from the main building,
allowing greater flexibility in use.
 THE IMPORTANCE OF
PERFORMANCE TESTING
PRESENTED BY RENEL & JONNEL

Group 1
THE IMPORTANCE OF PERFORMANCE TESTING YOUR HVAC
SYSTEM

• It's important to evaluate and inspect a system regularly to

make sure it's at optimal performance and to check its energy
efficiency. Undoubtedly, HVAC systems are no exception to
this rule. Now that fall is around the corner, it's a good time for
homeowners in Lufkin, Texas, to have performance testing
done on their HVAC systems. Performance testing is vital for
finding problems your HVAC system may have developed
over the summer
 WHAT IS PERFORMANCE TESTING FOR HVAC SYSTEMS?

• Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB) is necessary to confirm that an HVAC

system is performing optimally to offer occupants with the most comfort at the
lowest cost. Different performance tests evaluate different functions of your HVAC
system. Here are some of the performance tests you should have done for your
HVAC system:
• Energy Efficiency Testing - An energy efficiency test will check your HVAC system
to make sure your energy usage is as low as possible without hindering maximum
occupant comfort. If your energy bills are too high, you may want to order an
energy efficiency test.
• Acoustical and Airflow Testing - The acoustical and airflow test will check the
airflow within your home to determine whether your HVAC system is performing
optimally.
• Air Cleaner Testing - Your HVAC system cleanses the air to keep indoor air quality
 ideal. Homeowners who have young children with asthma should have a test
performed to evaluate the effectiveness of their system's air filter or cleaner.
 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF PERFORMANCE TESTING
YOUR HVAC SYSTEMS?

• Performance testing allows homeowners to identify issues

with their HVAC system. That way, homeowners will be able
to have these issues resolved before they get worse and more
costly to repair. For example, if your air conditioner is
inefficient when it comes to cleansing the air, even if you
change the filter, it may suggest a more serious problem.
Performance testing allows homeowners to deal with issues
while they are small and easy to repair.
TESTING, ADJUSTING, BALANCING

HVAC Testing, Adjusting and Balancing (TAB) are the three major steps
used to achieve proper operation of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and 
air conditioning) systems. TAB usually refers to commercial building
construction and the specialized contractors who employ personnel that
perform this service. In general, the TAB specialist performs air and
hydronic measurements on the HVAC systems and adjusts the flows as
required to achieve optimum performance of the building environmental
equipment. The balancing is usually based upon the design flow values
required by the Mechanical Engineer for the project, and the TAB
contractor submits a written report which summarizes the testing and
balancing and notes any deficiencies found during the TAB work.
Ensure that your TAB contractor holds a current professional
certification. See NBC, AABC, NEBB, TABB, or NBCTA.
 TESTING, ADJUSTING, BALANCING

of specialized and calibrated instruments to measure temperatures,

al speeds, electrical characteristics, velocities, and air and water
valuation of equipment and system performance.

nal setting of balancing devices such as dampers and valves, adjusting

mp impeller sizes, in addition to automatic control devices such as
essure controllers to achieve maximum specified system performance
ng normal operation.

ethodical regulation of system fluid flows (air or water) through the use
edures to achieve the desired or specified design airflow or water flow.
he balance of a system, you must locate the terminal with the least
regards to the engineer's drawing. Once the "low" terminal has been
en proceed to adjust all other diffusers/grilles (air) or circuit balancing
 SAMPLE TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND
BALANCING COMPANIES

• Provision Environmental Systems & Testing

[ www.provisionenvironmental.com ] Located in East
Tennessee
 TEST PROCEDURE
PRESENTED BY JUSIP AND SETH (FOREVS)
 TEST PROCEDURE

Why do we perform these tests?

• to ensure that each component is working correctly

• to confirm that they all work together as a system to satisfy its

purpose

• to identify the system’s response to a certain scenario, e.g.

power failure, fire
 TEST PROCEDURE

1. Preparation

i. Create a test form

ii. Determine acceptance criteria

iii. Provide instructions and precautions

 TEST PROCEDURE

2. Test Guidance

i. Confirm that all system pre-functional checklists are complete

ii. Verify warm-up operation

iii. Verify heating operation

iv. Verify cooling operation

 TEST PROCEDURE

3. Smoke Control Test Procedures

i. Verify system fire shutdown control sequence

ii. Verify pressurization control sequence

iii. Verify smoke purge control sequence

 TEST PROCEDURE

4. Recovery From Power Failure Test Procedures

i. Verify system status when power is lost

ii. Verify system operation when power is returned

 TEST PROCEDURE

5. Trending System Operation

i. Verify system operation through trending