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Routing Basics: Khawar Butt Ccie # 12353 (R/S, Security, SP, DC, Voice, Storage & Ccde)

This document provides an overview of routing basics, including routing tables, static and default routes, and routing protocols. It discusses how routers build routing tables based on directly connected networks and how static routes, default routes, and routing protocols allow routers to learn about additional networks. It also describes common interior gateway protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS as well as the exterior protocol BGP. Finally, it covers the concept of administrative distance, which is used to prioritize routes when multiple are learned for the same network.

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Avishkar Gote
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223 views

Routing Basics: Khawar Butt Ccie # 12353 (R/S, Security, SP, DC, Voice, Storage & Ccde)

This document provides an overview of routing basics, including routing tables, static and default routes, and routing protocols. It discusses how routers build routing tables based on directly connected networks and how static routes, default routes, and routing protocols allow routers to learn about additional networks. It also describes common interior gateway protocols like RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS as well as the exterior protocol BGP. Finally, it covers the concept of administrative distance, which is used to prioritize routes when multiple are learned for the same network.

Uploaded by

Avishkar Gote
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Routing Basics
KHAWAR BUTT
CCIE # 12353 [R/S, SECURITY, SP, DC, VOICE, STORAGE & CCDE]
Overview
 Routing Overview
 Routing Table
 Static Route and Default Routes c

 Routing Protocols
 Routing Protocols Type
 Administrative Distance
Lab Diagram
PC PC PC

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Switch Switch Switch

192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24


E 0/0 E 0/0 E 0/0
Serial 1/0 Serial 1/0
Serial 1/1 Serial 1/1
R1 192.168.12.0/24 R2 192.168.23.0/24 R3
Routing Overview
When the router is configured with Interfaces, the network is learned locally and kept in a table called the Routing
Table.

Initially, the Routing Table will contain network information about directly connected networks only.
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Based on the Network diagram on the previous slide, R1 will have 2 networks in the Routing Table [192.168.1.0/24
& 192.168.12.0/24]. R2 will have knowledge of 3 networks [192.168.2.0/24, 192.168.12.02/4 &
192.168.23.0/24]. R3 will have 2 networks in the Routing Table [192.168.3.0/24 & 192.168.23.0/24].

If a packet comes to R1 destined to 192.168.3.0/24, it would not know how to reach it.

That’s where Routing comes in. It allows your Router to learn about networks that are not directly connected to it.

This can be done manually by the administrator or done by running a protocol between the routers where they
communicate to each other and exchange information about the networks that they are aware of.

In this module, we will learn about the basics of Routing and Routing Protocols.
Routing Table
 Routers build routing tables initially based on their directly connected networks.

 In addition to directly connected networks, routers can learn about destinations in one of
three ways: c

o Static Routes: Manually added to the routing tables by the administrator.

o Default Routes: Manually added to the routing table by the administrator to define a
Default Gateway for the router. If the routing table does not have an entry for a
destination network, send the packet to the Default Route.

o Dynamically: Learned through a Routing Protocol.


Static Routing
 Static Routes are User-defined, manually created routes.

 The administrator creates Static Routes in a Cisco Router using the ip route Command.

The syntax for the Static Route Command [IP Route] is :


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Ip route [Destination Network] [Network Mask] [Next Hop Router]

For our network, if R1 wants to reach the 192.168.2.0/24 network, which is behind R2, you would create a static
route using the following:

Ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2

Destination Network: 192.168.2.0


Network Mask: 255.255.255.0
Next Router IP to reach the destination: 192.168.12.2 (This needs to be reachable/directly connected)
Default Routes
 Default routes define a router as the default gateway for your router.

 When there is no entry for the destination network in a routing table, the router will forward the packet to its default router.

 Default routes help in reducing the size of your routing table.


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 The default route is essentially a static route with a special Destination Network and Network Mask.

 The Special Destination Network is “0.0.0.0”. The special Network Mask is “0.0.0.0”.

IP route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [Default Router]

 For our network, if R1 wants to reach any of the networks thru R2, I can create a default route using the following:

Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.12.2


Routing Protocol
 A Routing Protocol is a method by which routers exchange information
about the networks they can reach.

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 Exchange of information allows routing tables to be built and exchanged.

 Routing Protocols determine the best path for the transport of data using
some criteria. This is known as a Metric.

 Examples include bandwidth, delay, hops and reliability.


Routing Protocol Types
 Routing Protocols can be classified based on different criteria.

 One way of classifying is whether the Routing Protocol works within the
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Company Network or Connecting 2 Companies to each other.

 There is another way to classify Routing Protocols. It is based on if the Routing


Protocols provides complete information about the network or Routing Protocol
provides information about a network without complete information.

 We will go into detail at a later stage.


Routing Protocol Types
 Routing protocols that work within the company are classified as an Interior Gateway
Protocol [IGP].

 Routing protocols that connects 2 companies


c to each other are classified as a Exterior
Gateway Protocol [EGP].

 Interior Routing Protocols Include:


o Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
o Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
o Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
o Intersystem-Intersystem (IS-IS)
 Exterior Routing Protocols include:
o Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Administrative Distance
 If you are running multiple routing protocols, you might get the same route from multiple routing
protocols.

 To prioritize the routing protocols, each one is given a default priority. This priority is known as
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the Administrative Distance [AD].

 It is a number between 0 – 255. The lower the number, the better.

 The Administrative Distance for common ways of learning routes is listed below:
Protocol Admin. Distance Protocol Admin. Distance
Directly Connected 0 Static Route 1
EIGRP 90 OSPF 110
IS-IS 115 Rip 120
BGP 20/200
Whiteboard

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