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Information System

1. The document discusses data, information, and information systems. It defines data as raw facts while information is data that has been manipulated and given meaning and context. 2. An information system takes in data as input, processes it, and produces information as output. It also discusses the benefits of human-computer synergy in information systems. 3. Key components of an information system include input, processing, output, storage, and feedback. The four main stages of data processing are input, processing, output, and storage.

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mhatet_ignacio
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49 views

Information System

1. The document discusses data, information, and information systems. It defines data as raw facts while information is data that has been manipulated and given meaning and context. 2. An information system takes in data as input, processes it, and produces information as output. It also discusses the benefits of human-computer synergy in information systems. 3. Key components of an information system include input, processing, output, storage, and feedback. The four main stages of data processing are input, processing, output, and storage.

Uploaded by

mhatet_ignacio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Information Systems
• Why Do People Need Information?

• Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

• Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and


control
2

Data, Information,
and Systems
• Data vs. Information

• Data
• A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture
• Represents something in the real world
• The raw materials in the production of information

• Information
• Data that have meaning within a context
• Data in relationships
• Data after manipulation
3

Data, Information,
and Systems
• Data Manipulation

• Example: customer survey


• Reading through data collected from a customer survey with
questions in various categories would be time-consuming and
not very helpful.
• When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information.
4

Data, Information,
and Systems
• Generating Information
• Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and
produce information as output.

Figure 1.1 Input-process-output


5

Data, Information,
and Systems
• Information in Context

Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information


6

Data, Information,
and Systems
• What Is a System?
• System: A set of components that work together to achieve
a common goal

• Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of


more than one system are combined to reach an ultimate
goal

• Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact


with other systems

• Open system: System that interfaces with other systems


7

Data, Information,
and Systems

Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.


8

Data, Information,
and Systems
• Information and Managers

• Systems thinking
• Creates a framework for problem solving and
decision making.
• Keeps managers focused on overall goals and
operations of business.
9

Data, Information,
and Systems

Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy


10

Data, Information,
and Systems
• The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy

• Synergy
• When combined resources produce output
that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the
same resources employed separately

• Allows human thought to be translated into


efficient processing of large amounts of data
11

Data, Information,
and Systems

Figure 1.6 Components of an information system


12

Data, Information,
and Systems
• The Four Stages of Data Processing

• Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

• Data processing: Data is manipulated into information


using mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

• Output: Information is displayed or presented.

• Storage: Data and information are maintained for later


use.
13

Ethical and Societal Issues


The Not-So-Bright Side

• Consumer Privacy
• Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge
amounts of data on individuals.

• Employee Privacy
• IT supports remote monitoring of employees,
violating privacy and creating stress.
14

Ethical and Societal Issues


The Not-So-Bright Side

• Freedom of Speech
• IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech,
intellectual property crime, an d other intrusions;
prevention may abridge free speech.

• IT Professionalism
• No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT
professionals--unlike other professions.

• Social Inequality
• Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a
PC; less than 3% have Internet access.

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