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Lesson 2 Chapter 5

This document describes different sampling procedures and methods for selecting samples in qualitative research. It discusses the importance of determining how much data is needed, how participants will be selected, and how they will be recruited. It outlines two main categories of sampling: probability sampling, which gives all members an equal chance of being selected; and non-probability sampling, which does not use random selection. Several types of probability and non-probability sampling methods are then defined.

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71 views

Lesson 2 Chapter 5

This document describes different sampling procedures and methods for selecting samples in qualitative research. It discusses the importance of determining how much data is needed, how participants will be selected, and how they will be recruited. It outlines two main categories of sampling: probability sampling, which gives all members an equal chance of being selected; and non-probability sampling, which does not use random selection. Several types of probability and non-probability sampling methods are then defined.

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RHEA GENIO
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DESCRIBES SAMPLING

PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE


LESSON 2
Introduction
In qualitative research, a sample is a smaller set of
cases a researcher selects from a large group and
generalizes to the population.

Three things must be clear to the researcher:


 how much data s/he needs
 how s/he will select the sample
 how s/he will get participants if human participants are needed
◦ Experts say that the researcher needs a sample that
is appropriate to the research question and the
theoretical aims of the study, and that provides an
adequate amount of data to fully analyse the topic
and answer the research questions.
What is population?
Population
- The bigger group from where you choose
the sample
What is Sampling?
Sampling
Is a word that refers to your method or process of
selecting respondents or people to answer questions
meant to yield data for a research study
How about sample?
Sample
The chosen one constitute the sample through which you will derive
facts and evidence to support the claims or conclusions propounded
by your research problem.
Sampling frame
The term used to mean list of the members of such
population from where you will get the sample
History
The beginning of sampling could be traced back to
the early political activities of the Americans in 1920
when Literary Digest did a pioneering survey about
the American citizen’s favorite among the 1920
presidential candidates.
Two general categories of Sampling
procedures
1. Probability Sampling or Unbiased Sampling
2. Non-Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling or Unbiased
Sampling
- involves all members listed in the sampling frame
representing a certain population focused on by your
study.
- an equal chance of participation in the sampling or
selection process is given to every member listed in
the sampling frame.
Types of Probability Sampling
1. Simple Random Sampling
2. Systematic Sampling
3. Stratified Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
Types of Probability Sampling
1. Simple Random Sampling
Happens through any of these two method
> Have a list of all members of the population; write each name
on a card, and choose cards through a pure-chance selection
> Have a list of all members; give a number to member and
then use randomized or unordered numbers in selecting names
from the list.
Types of Probability Sampling
2. Systematic Sampling
◦ for this kind of probability sampling, chance and system are the
ones to determine who should compose the sample
◦ For instance, if you want to have a sample of 150, you may
select a set of numbers like 1 to 15, and out of list of 1,500
students, take every 15th name in the list until you complete the
total number of respondents to constitute your sample.
Types of Probability Sampling
3. Stratified Sampling
◦ The group comprising the sample is chosen in a way
that such group is liable to subdivision during the data
analysis stage
Types of Probability Sampling
4. Cluster Sampling
◦ This is a probability sampling that makes you isolate a set of
persons instead of individual members to serve as sample
members.
◦ For example, if you want to have a sample of 120 out of 1,000
students, you can randomly select three sections with 40
students each to constitute the sample.
Non-Probability Sampling
◦ Disregards random selection of subjects
◦ The subjects are chosen based on their availability
or the purpose of the study, and some cases, on the
sole discretion of the researcher.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
1. Quota Sampling
2. Voluntary Sampling
3. Purposive or Judgmental Sampling
4. Availability Sampling
5. Snowball Sampling
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
1. Quota Sampling – you resort to quota
sampling when you think you know the
characteristics of the target population very
well. In this case, you tend to choose sample
members processing or indicating the
characteristics of the target population.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
2. Voluntary Sampling – since the subjects
you expect to participate in the sample
selection are the ones volunteering to
constitute the sample, there is no need for you
to do any selection process.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
3. Purposive or Judgmental Sampling – you
chooses people whom you are sure could
correspond to the objectives of your study, like
selecting those with rich experience or interest
in your study.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
4. Availability Sampling – the willingness of a
person as your subject to interact with you counts a
lot in this non-probability sampling method.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
5. Snowball Sampling – similar to snow expanding widely
or rolling rapidly, this sampling methods does not give a
specific set of samples. This is true for a study involving
unspecified group of people. Dealing with varied groups of
people such as street children, mendicants, drug
dependents, call center workers, informal settlers, street
vendors, and the like is possible in this kind of non-
probability sampling.

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