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CH 01

This document provides an overview of key concepts from the first chapter of the textbook "Design and Analysis of Experiments" by Douglas C. Montgomery. It discusses the goals of experimental design, provides a brief history highlighting influential figures like R.A. Fisher, and covers basic principles such as randomization, replication, blocking, and factorial designs. It also outlines the strategy of experimentation and provides guidelines for planning, conducting, and analyzing experiments.

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60 views

CH 01

This document provides an overview of key concepts from the first chapter of the textbook "Design and Analysis of Experiments" by Douglas C. Montgomery. It discusses the goals of experimental design, provides a brief history highlighting influential figures like R.A. Fisher, and covers basic principles such as randomization, replication, blocking, and factorial designs. It also outlines the strategy of experimentation and provides guidelines for planning, conducting, and analyzing experiments.

Uploaded by

LusyifaFebioza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Design and Analysis of

Experiments
Douglas C. Montgomery
Regents’ Professor of Industrial Engineering and Statistics
ASU Foundation Professor of Engineering
Arizona State University

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 1


8E 2012 Montgomery
Design of Engineering Experiments
Part 1 – Introduction
Chapter 1, Text
• Why is this trip necessary? Goals of the
course
• An abbreviated history of DOX
• Some basic principles and terminology
• The strategy of experimentation
• Guidelines for planning, conducting and
analyzing experiments
Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 2
8E 2012 Montgomery
Introduction to DOX
• An experiment is a test or a series of tests
• Experiments are used widely in the engineering
world
– Process characterization & optimization
– Evaluation of material properties
– Product design & development
– Component & system tolerance determination
• “All experiments are designed experiments, some
are poorly designed, some are well-designed”

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 3


8E 2012 Montgomery
Engineering Experiments
• Reduce time to design/develop new
products & processes
• Improve performance of existing
processes
• Improve reliability and performance of
products
• Achieve product & process robustness
• Evaluation of materials, design
alternatives, setting component & system
tolerances, etc.

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 4


8E 2012 Montgomery
Four Eras in the History of DOX
• The agricultural origins, 1908 – 1940s
– W.S. Gossett and the t-test (1908)
– R. A. Fisher & his co-workers
– Profound impact on agricultural science
– Factorial designs, ANOVA
• The first industrial era, 1951 – late 1970s
– Box & Wilson, response surfaces
– Applications in the chemical & process industries
• The second industrial era, late 1970s – 1990
– Quality improvement initiatives in many companies
– Taguchi and robust parameter design, process robustness
• The modern era, beginning circa 1990

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 5


8E 2012 Montgomery
William Sealy Gosset (1876-1937)

Gosset's interest in barley cultivation led


him to speculate that design of
experiments should aim, not only at
improving the average yield, but also at
breeding varieties whose yield was
insensitive (robust) to variation in soil and
climate.

Gosset was a friend of both Karl Pearson


and R.A. Fisher, an achievement, for each
had a monumental ego and a loathing for
the other.

Gosset was a modest man who cut short


an admirer with the comment that “Fisher
would have discovered it all anyway.”

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 6


8E 2012 Montgomery
R. A. Fisher (1890 – 1962) George E. P. Box

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 7


8E 2012 Montgomery
The Basic Principles of DOX
• Randomization
– Running the trials in an experiment in random order
– Notion of balancing out effects of “lurking” variables
• Replication
– Sample size (improving precision of effect estimation,
estimation of error or background noise)
– Replication versus repeat measurements? (see pages 12, 13)
• Blocking
– Dealing with nuisance factors

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 8


8E 2012 Montgomery
Strategy of Experimentation
• “Best-guess” experiments
– Used a lot
– More successful than you might suspect, but there are
disadvantages…
• One-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) experiments
– Sometimes associated with the “scientific” or
“engineering” method
– Devastated by interaction, also very inefficient
• Statistically designed experiments
– Based on Fisher’s factorial concept

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 9


8E 2012 Montgomery
Factorial Designs
• In a factorial experiment, all
possible combinations of
factor levels are tested
• The golf experiment:
– Type of driver
– Type of ball
– Walking vs. riding
– Type of beverage
– Time of round
– Weather
– Type of golf spike
– Etc, etc, etc…

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 10


8E 2012 Montgomery
Factorial Design

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 11


8E 2012 Montgomery
Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 12
8E 2012 Montgomery
Factorial Designs with Several Factors

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 13


8E 2012 Montgomery
Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 14
8E 2012 Montgomery
Factorial Designs with Several Factors
A Fractional Factorial

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 15


8E 2012 Montgomery
Planning, Conducting &
Analyzing an Experiment
1. Recognition of & statement of problem
2. Choice of factors, levels, and ranges
3. Selection of the response variable(s)
4. Choice of design
5. Conducting the experiment
6. Statistical analysis
7. Drawing conclusions, recommendations
Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 16
8E 2012 Montgomery
Planning, Conducting &
Analyzing an Experiment
• Get statistical thinking involved early
• Your non-statistical knowledge is crucial to success
• Pre-experimental planning (steps 1-3) vital
• Think and experiment sequentially (use the KISS
principle)
• See Coleman & Montgomery (1993) Technometrics
paper + supplemental text material

Chapter 1 Design & Analysis of Experiments 17


8E 2012 Montgomery

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