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Polio Eradication: Pulse Polio Programme: A.Prabhakaran M.SC (N), Tutor, VMACON, Salem

The document discusses India's Pulse Polio programme, which aims to eliminate polio through large-scale vaccination campaigns targeting all children under 5. Key aspects covered include the history and goals of the programme, vaccination strategies used, and the role of community health nurses in educating parents and maintaining vaccination efforts. The programme has been successful, with India declared polio-free by the WHO in 2014.

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Prabhakaran Aranganathan
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10K views

Polio Eradication: Pulse Polio Programme: A.Prabhakaran M.SC (N), Tutor, VMACON, Salem

The document discusses India's Pulse Polio programme, which aims to eliminate polio through large-scale vaccination campaigns targeting all children under 5. Key aspects covered include the history and goals of the programme, vaccination strategies used, and the role of community health nurses in educating parents and maintaining vaccination efforts. The programme has been successful, with India declared polio-free by the WHO in 2014.

Uploaded by

Prabhakaran Aranganathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLIO ERADICATION: PULSE POLIO

PROGRAMME
Unit – VI : National Health Programmes
Subject: Community Health Nursing
A.Prabhakaran M.Sc (N),
Tutor,
VMACON, Salem
INTRODUCTION
• Pulse Polio is an immunization campaign
established by the government of India to
eliminate poliomyelitis (polio) in India by
vaccinating all children under the age of five years
against the polio virus. The project fights polio
through a large-scale, pulse vaccination programme
and monitoring for poliomyelitis cases. 
• Vellore (Tamil Nadu) was the first Indian town
to become 100% polio-free through the pulse
strategy, and rest of India adopted the strategy in
1995.
HISTORY
• In 1985, the Universal Immunization Programme
(UIP) was launched to cover all the districts of
the country. UIP became a part of child survival
and safe motherhood program (CSSM) in 1992
and Reproductive and Child Health Program
(RCH) in 1997.
• This program led to a significant increase in
coverage, up to 5%. The number of reported
cases of polio also declined from thousands
during 1987 to 42 in 2010.
Cont…
• In 1995, following the Global Polio Eradication
Initiative of the World Health Organization
(1988), India launched Pulse Polio immunization
program with Universal Immunization Program
which aimed at 100% coverage.
• The last reported cases of wild polio in India
were in West Bengal and Gujarat on 13 January
2011.
• On 27 March 2014, the World Health
Organization (WHO) declared India a polio free
country, since no cases of wild polio been
reported in for five years.
POLIO VACCINE
• Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent
poliomyelitis (polio).
• Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus
given by injection (IPV) and a weakened
poliovirus given by mouth (OPV).
• The World Health Organization (WHO)
recommends all children be fully vaccinated
against polio.
GOAL
May 1998, the World Health Assembly
committed the members of the World Health
Organization (WHO) to achieving the goal of
global eradication of poliomyelitis.
This goal is defined as:
• No cases of clinical poliomyelitis associated with
wild polio virus.
• No wild poliovirus found worldwide despite
intensive efforts to do.
OBJECTIVES
The Pulse Polio Initiative (PPI) aims at covering every
individual in the country. It aspires to reach even
children in remote communities through an improved
social mobilization plan.
• Not a single child should miss the immunization,
leaving no chance of polio occurrence.
• Cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) to be reported in
time and stool specimens of them to be collected
within 14 days. Outbreak response immunization (ORI)
to be conducted as early as possible.
• Maintaining a high level of surveillance.
• Performance of good mop-up operations where polio
has disappeared
Steps involved are
• Setting up of booths in all parts of the country.
• Initializing walk-in cold rooms, freezer rooms, deep
freezers, ice-lined refrigerators and cold boxes for a
steady supply of vaccine to booths.
• Arranging employees, volunteers, and vaccines.
• Ensuring vaccine vial monitor on each vaccine vial.
• Immunizing children with OPV on national
immunization days.
• Identifying missing children from immunization
process.
• Surveillance of efficacy
The Primary Strategies for achieving eradication of
polio are:
• Attaining high routine immunization
• Three routine OPV doses should be received by
infants at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks
• National Immunization Days
• Mopping up immunization
Role of Community Health Nurse
• Educate the parents on the following concepts
in order to achieve the goal.
• Even sick and newborn children are to be given
Polio drops.
• These drops are in addition to routine
immunization doses.
• These drops are completely safe and are of
highest quality.
• Repeated doses provide additional protection.
Cont..
• Routine polio vaccination at birth, 6 weeks,
10 weeks and 14 weeks of age is also
essential.
• Polio Eradication efforts will continue till we
achieve the "Goal of Polio Eradication".
• Maintain cold chain while vaccinating and
check for potency of the vaccination.
• Take active part in identifying case of AFP

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