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Math12-1 - Lesson 11 - Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

1. The document provides guidelines and examples for solving exponential and logarithmic equations. Exponential equations involve variables in exponents and are solved using properties of exponents and logarithms. Logarithmic equations involve logarithms and are solved by isolating the logarithmic term and writing the equation in exponential form. 2. Applications involving exponential and logarithmic equations are presented, including modeling bacterial growth, carbon dating, modeling rumor spread, and compound interest. Specific formulas are given for bacterial growth, carbon dating, rumor spread, and compound interest calculations. 3. Examples are worked out step-by-step for various exponential and logarithmic equations, along with word problems applying the concepts.

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Kobe Martinez
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53 views

Math12-1 - Lesson 11 - Exponential and Logarithmic Equations

1. The document provides guidelines and examples for solving exponential and logarithmic equations. Exponential equations involve variables in exponents and are solved using properties of exponents and logarithms. Logarithmic equations involve logarithms and are solved by isolating the logarithmic term and writing the equation in exponential form. 2. Applications involving exponential and logarithmic equations are presented, including modeling bacterial growth, carbon dating, modeling rumor spread, and compound interest. Specific formulas are given for bacterial growth, carbon dating, rumor spread, and compound interest calculations. 3. Examples are worked out step-by-step for various exponential and logarithmic equations, along with word problems applying the concepts.

Uploaded by

Kobe Martinez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 11

EXPONENTIAL and LOGARITHMIC


EQUATIONS
Exponential Equations
If a variable appears in the exponent of a term of an
equation, the equation is called
exponential equation.

Equality of Exponents Theorem


If bx = by , then x = y, provided b > 0 and b ≠ 1.

Guidelines in solving exponential equations


1. Isolate the exponential expression on one side of the
equation.
2. Take the logarithm of each side, then use the law of
logarithm to bring down the
exponent.
3. Solve for the variable.
EXAMPLE: Solve for x:

a ) 3 x  4  3 2 x 1 b) 4 2x 1  8 x  5
x2
1
c)    16  x d) 3 x 4
 27 x

2
e) 3x  2  7 f) 8e 2x  20
g) e 3  2x  4 h) e 2x  e x  6  0
Logarithmic Equations
Equations that involve logarithms are logarithmic equations.
The properties of logarithms, along with
the definition of logarithm, are often
used to find the solutions of a
logarithmic equation.

Guidelines in solving logarithmic equations


1. Isolate the logarithmic term on one side of the equation;
you may first need to combine the
logarithmic terms.
2. Write the equation in exponential form.
3. Solve for the variable.
EXAMPLE: Solve for x:
5
a) log 4 x 
2
4 x
b ) log 2 
5 25 4
c) 4  3 log 2x  16
d) log 2  25  x   3
e ) ln x  8
f) log 5  x 2  25   log 5  x  5   2
g ) log 2  x  6   log 2  x  2   log 2 x
h ) log7  x  5   log7  x  1  1
i ) ln e ln x  ln  x  3   ln 2
Application: (Exponential and Logarithmic Equations)
1.The growth rate for a particular bacterial culture can be calculated
using the formula B = 900(2)t/50, where B is the number of bacteria and
t is the elapsed time in hours. How many bacteria will be present after
5 hours?
2.How many hours will it take for there to be 18,000 bacteria present
in the culture in example (1)?
3.A fossil that originally contained 100 mg of carbon-14 now contains
75 mg of the isotope. Determine the approximate age of the fossil, to
the nearest 100 years, if the half-life of carbon-14 is 5,570 years.

t

A  Ao 2 k where : A  present amt. of isotope
Ao  orig . amt. of isotope
t  time it takes to reduce orig. amt. of isotope present
k  Half  life of the isotope
4. In a town of 15,000 people, the spread of a rumor that the
local transit company would go on strike was such that t hours
after the rumor started, f(t) persons heard the rumor, where
experience over time has shown that
15 ,000
f t 
1  7499 e 0.8 t
a) How many people started the rumor?
b) How many people heard the rumor after 5 hours?
5. A sum of $5,000 is invested at an interest rate of 5% per year.
Find the time required for the money to double if the interest
is compounded (a) semi-annually (b) continuously.
A  P  1  r   simple int erest for 1 year
nt
 r
A t   P 1    int erest compounded n times per year
 n
A t   Pe r t  int erest compounded continuously

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