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Class-1 - Threshold Limit Calculations

The document discusses threshold limit values (TLVs) for chemical mixtures. It defines TLV as the level a worker can be exposed to without adverse effects. It discusses time-weighted average (TWA) TLVs based on an 8-hour workday. Threshold limit value - short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) refers to a 15 minute exposure that should not be exceeded. The problem determines the TLV mixture for a solution with 30% heptane and 70% toluene by mole. It explains how to calculate vapor composition using Raoult's law and Dalton's law to determine individual component TLVs in a mixture.

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makari66
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96 views

Class-1 - Threshold Limit Calculations

The document discusses threshold limit values (TLVs) for chemical mixtures. It defines TLV as the level a worker can be exposed to without adverse effects. It discusses time-weighted average (TWA) TLVs based on an 8-hour workday. Threshold limit value - short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) refers to a 15 minute exposure that should not be exceeded. The problem determines the TLV mixture for a solution with 30% heptane and 70% toluene by mole. It explains how to calculate vapor composition using Raoult's law and Dalton's law to determine individual component TLVs in a mixture.

Uploaded by

makari66
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agenda

• To understand the precautions to be taken while handling mixture of


solvents with respect to threshold limit values.
The threshold limit value (TLV) of a chemical
substance is believed to be a level to which a
worker can be exposed day after day for a working
lifetime without adverse effects. Strictly speaking, TLV is a
reserved term of the American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
A Time Weighted Average (TWA) is a TLV(R) based on a 8-
hour workday and a 40-hour workweek. For example
the TWA for carbon monoxide is 25 ppm. ...
Threshold Limit Value - Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV-
STEL) Abbreviated as "TLV-STEL". Refers to a 15 minute
time-weighted average exposure which should not be
exceeded at any time during a workday even if the time-
weighted average is within the TWA.
Problem
• Determine the mixture TLV at 25C and 1 atm. The table shows Mole
percent in liquid stage

Component Mole %
Heptane 30
Toluene 70

• What is the mixture TLV?


• What is the TLV of Toluene at this composition?
• What is the TLV of Heptane at this composition?
Solution
• Step 1: Calculate the vapor composition
Calculate the Vapour composition
• Find the vapour pressure using Antoni equation
• Log Pv =A-(B/(C+T))
• Vapour pressure of heptane 46. 4mmhg
• Vapour pressure of toluene=28.2 mm hg

• Raoults law
• Partial pressure= mole fraction X vapour pressure
• partial pressure = vapor pressure x mole fraction in liquid phase
• Daltons law
• P total = partial pressure 1+ Partial pressure 2
• y1= partial pressure 1/Total pressure
• y2=partial pressure 2/ Total pressure
• TLV mixture= (y1+y2)/(y1/TLV1 +y2/TLV2)
• TLV 1 = y1 x TLV of mixture
• TLV 2- y2 x TLV of mixture
Learnings
• How to calculate vapour pressure of pure component
• How to calculate the partial pressure
• TLV Stell and TWA
• Raoults law
• Daltons low
• TLV for mixture of solvents
• TLV for individual solvents present in mixture
• For mixtures of vapours the individual TLVs in the mixture are
significantly reduced from the TLVs of the pure substance
Assignement
Description Benzene Toluene
Molecular weight 78.11 92.13
Speecific gravity 0.88 0.866
TLV (ppm) 0.5 20

Saturation vapour pressures:


ln(Psat) =A-(B/(C-T))
Where Psat is the saturation vapour pressure in mmHG. T is the temperature in K and A, B and C are the
constants
A B C
Benzene 15.9 2788.9 -52.36
Toluene 16.01 3096.5 -53.67
Compute the concentration (in ppm) of the saturated vapour with the air above the solution of pure
toluene
Compute the concentration (in ppm) of the equilibrium vapour with air above a solution of 50% toluene
and benzene.
The temperature is 80F and pressure is 1 atm
Compute the density of pure air and compute the density of air contaminated with 100 ppm benzene.
Do the densities of these two gases differ enough to ensure higher concentration on the floors and other
lower spots? The temperature is 70F and pressure is 1 atm.
Quiz questions
• Full form of TLV
• Full form of ACGIH
• Say Yes or NO for TLV stell <TWA
• For gases, % mole and % Volume and % pressure are same or different
• Unit T in Antonio equation
• Unit of pressure in Antonio equation
• TWA is based on how many hours of exposure
• Toluene TLV is 20 ppm and benzene ppm is 0.5 ppm. Which is more toxic?
• What data is required to convert % weight to % mole

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