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Tidal and Wave Energy

Tidal and wave energy can be harnessed to generate electricity. Tidal energy uses tidal barrages and tidal stream generators to capture the kinetic energy of moving water during tides. The Rance tidal power station in France was an early successful tidal barrage project. Swansea Bay tidal lagoon project in the UK aims to generate 320MW of power. Wave energy technologies capture the kinetic and potential energy of ocean surface waves. Devices like oscillating wave surge converters can harness wave power with minimal environmental impacts. While tidal and wave energy have low operating costs, high capital costs have hindered large-scale commercial development to date.

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236 views14 pages

Tidal and Wave Energy

Tidal and wave energy can be harnessed to generate electricity. Tidal energy uses tidal barrages and tidal stream generators to capture the kinetic energy of moving water during tides. The Rance tidal power station in France was an early successful tidal barrage project. Swansea Bay tidal lagoon project in the UK aims to generate 320MW of power. Wave energy technologies capture the kinetic and potential energy of ocean surface waves. Devices like oscillating wave surge converters can harness wave power with minimal environmental impacts. While tidal and wave energy have low operating costs, high capital costs have hindered large-scale commercial development to date.

Uploaded by

Son Nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tidal and Wave

Energy
Tr
-Tidal Energy
• Tides are the periodic motion of the waters
of the sea due to the inter-attractive forces
between thecelestial bodies.
• Tides are very long-period waves that move
through the oceans in response to the forces
exerted by the moon and sun.
How it Works – Tidal Barrages

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTRcTyDSyk
-Barrage Tidal Power: Rance Power Station-
• Located on Rance
River, France
• 750 meters long
• 24 Turbines
• Capacity of 240MW
• Annual output of
600GWh
• Supplies 0.012% of
Frances power supply.
• Opened 1966

•http://www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009
- Swansea Tidal Lagoon-
• The lagoon is expected to
produce 320MW, enough to
power 155,000 homes each year
• Aside from increasing renewable
energy generation in the UK, and
helping to ease increasing
pressure on the National Grid,
and it could also be a great
economic export.
-Calculations: Tidal Stream Generators-

P = the power generated (in watts)


ξ = the turbine efficiency
ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³)
A = the sweep area of the turbine (in m²)
V = the velocity of the flow

*Power equation is based on the kinetic energy of the moving water*


-Calculation: Barrage Tidal Power-

• E = energy
• ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025
kg/m³)
• A = horizontal area of the barrage basin
• G = Gravity (9.81m/s2)
• H = Vertical Tide Range
* The potential energy available from a barrage is dependent
on the volume of water * .
Environmental impact
• Mortality rates of fish swimming threw
the turbine is around 15%
• Sonic guidance to get fish to avoid the
turbine
• Placement of barrage turbines into
estuaries can change entire
ecosystems
• Alters flow of saltwater possibly
changing hydrology & salinity
• Sediment movement also can effect the
ecosystem
-Economics of Tidal Power-
• Doesn’t cost much to operate, but
construction costs are high and lengthen
payback periods, so the cost per kW hour
is not competitive.
• The cost of building a Tidal Power plant
can have a high capital cost.
• UK: $15 Billion
• 8000MW
• Philippines: $3 Billion
• 2200MW
-Wave Power-
• Wave power refers to the energy of the ocean
surface waves and the capture of energy to do
useful work - including electricity generation,
desalination and the pumping of water into
reservoirs. Wave power is distinct from Tidal
power in that tidal power fluctuates daily.
Although wave power is not widely used only
having a handful of test sites in the world it is
more consistent than tidal power.
-How it Works-
• The “duck” device bobs back and forth as waves
pass, this motion moves a pendulum that is
connected to a generator that produces electricity

http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/ocean_power_salters_duck.gif
-Advantages and Disadvantages-
• Advantages
– The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste
produced
– Not expensive to operate and maintain
– Can produce a great deal of energy
• Disadvantages
– Depends on the waves – sometimes you’ll get
loads of energy, sometimes almost nothing
– Needs a suitable site, where waves are
consistently strong
– Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are
waves, so any noise is unlikely to be a problem
– Must be able to withstand
-Environmental Impact-
– Noise pollution
– Displace productive fishing sites
– Change the pattern of beach sand
nourishment
– Alter food chains and disrupt migration
patterns
– Offshore devices will displace bottom-
dwelling organisms where they connect
into the
-Sources-
• (2006). Tidal Energy Industry Boom. Retrieved http://www.alternative-energy-
news.info/tidal-energy-industry-boom/
• (2008). Renewable Energy: Ocean Wave Power. Retrieved http://www.energysavers.
gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009
• (2009) Ocean Wave Energy. Retrieved
http://ocsenergy.anl.gov/guide/wave/index.cfm
• (2010). America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm Sets Sail. Retrieved http://www.
alternative-energy-news.info/wave-power-farm-sets-sail/
• (2010). History of Tidal Energy. Retrieved.
http://www.google.com/#q=history+of+tidal +energy&hl=en&tbs=tl :
1&tbo=u&ei=nPavS6aeAYH48Ab-q6y9Dw&sa=X&oi
=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=11&ved=0CDgQ5wIwCg&fp=1&cad=b
• Kirke, B. (2006) Developments in ducted water current turbines. Retrieved
http://www.cyberiad.net/library/pdf/bk_tidal_paper25apr06.pdf
• Lamb, H. (1994) Hydrodynamics. England. Cambridge University Press.
• Meyer, R. (2009). Tidal energy . Retrieved from http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/
index.php/Tidal-Energy/Tidal-Energy.html
• Tayor, P. (2007). Seagen Tidal Power Installation. Retrieved http://www.alternative-
energy-news.info/seagen-tidal-power-installation/

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