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Lecture On: Introduction To Cellular Mobile Communication Unit - 1 For EC-VII Sem Students

The document provides an overview of GSM channels used for cellular mobile communication. It discusses that GSM uses FDMA and TDMA for uplink and downlink channels. The uplink uses a specific frequency band while the downlink uses another. Each band is further divided into control channels for call management and traffic channels for carrying voice. It describes the different control channels like broadcast, common, and dedicated channels and their purposes. It also explains the traffic channel used for carrying voice data.

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DINESH SINGH
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34 views

Lecture On: Introduction To Cellular Mobile Communication Unit - 1 For EC-VII Sem Students

The document provides an overview of GSM channels used for cellular mobile communication. It discusses that GSM uses FDMA and TDMA for uplink and downlink channels. The uplink uses a specific frequency band while the downlink uses another. Each band is further divided into control channels for call management and traffic channels for carrying voice. It describes the different control channels like broadcast, common, and dedicated channels and their purposes. It also explains the traffic channel used for carrying voice data.

Uploaded by

DINESH SINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal

Department of Electronics and Communication


Engineering
LECTURE ON

Introduction to Cellular Mobile


Communication Unit -1
For EC-VII Sem Students

Prepared by
Dinesh Pratap Singh,Assistant
professor(EC)
GSM Channels
GSM Access Scheme and Channel
Structure
 GSM uses FDMA and TDMA to transmit voice and data
 the uplink channel between the cell phone and the BTS
uses FDMA and a specific frequency band
 the downlink channel between the BTS and the cell
phone uses a different frequency band and the TDMA
technique
 there is sufficient frequency separation between the
uplink freq. band and the downlink freq. band to avoid
interference
 each uplink and downlink frequency bands is further
split up as Control Channel (used to set up and manage
calls) and Traffic Channel (used to carry voice)
GSM uplink/downlink frequency
bands used

GSM Frequency Uplink/BTS Downlink/BTS Receive


band Transmit

900 MHz 935-960 MHz 890-915 MHz

1800 MHz 1805-1880 MHz 1710-1785 MHz

1900 MHz 1930-1990 MHz 1850-1910 MHz


GSM uplink/downlink frequency
bands
 uplink and downlink take place in different time slots
using TDMA
 uplink and downlink channels have a bandwidth of 25
MHz
 these channels are further split up in a 124 carrier
frequencies (1 control channels and the rest as traffic
channels); each carrier frequency is spaced 200 KHz
apart to avoid interference
 these carrier frequencies are further devided by time
using TDMA and each time slot lasts for 0.577 ms.
GSM Control Channel
 is used to communicate management data (setting up
calls, location) between BTS and the cell phone within a
GSM cell
 only data is exchanged through the control channel (no
voice)
 a specific frequency from the frequency band allocated
to a cell and a specific time slot are allocated for the
control channel (beacon frequency); a single control
channel for a cell
 GSM control channels can have the following types:
 broadcast channel
 common control channel
 dedicated control channel
Broadcast Channel
 type of control channel used for the initial synchronization
between the cell phone and the BTS
 is composed from:
 Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH) – is composed from a
sequence of 148 zeros transmitted by the BTS
 Synchronization Channel (SCH) – follows the FCCH and contains
BTS identification and location information
 Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) – contains the frequency
allocation information used by cell phones to adjust their
frequency to that of the network; is continuously broadcasted by
the BTS
Common Control Channels
 type of control chan. used for call initiation
 is composed of:
 Paging Channel (PCH) – the BTS uses this channel to inform
the cell phone about an incoming call; the cell phone
periodically monitors this channel
 Random Access Channel (RACH) – is an uplink channel used by
the cell phone to initiate a call; the cell phone uses this channel
only when required; if 2 phones try to access the RACH at the
same time, they cause interference and will wait a random
time before they try again; once a cell phone correctly
accesses the RACH, BTS send an acknowledgement
 Access Grant Channel (AGCH) – channel used to set up a call;
once the cell phone has used PCH or RACH to receive or
initiate a call, it uses AGCH to communicate to the BTS
Dedicated Control Channels
 control channel sed to manage calls
 is comprised from:
 Standalone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) – used along
with SACCH to send and receive messages; relays signalling
information
 Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH) – on the downlink
BTS broadcasts messages of the beacon frequency of
neighboring cells to the cell phones; on the uplink BTS receives
acknowledgement messages from the cell phone
 Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH) – used to transmit
unscheduled urgent messages; FACCH is faster than SACCH as it
can carry 50 messages per second, while SACCH an caryy only
4.
Traffic Channel
 is used to carry voice data
 based on the TDMA the traffic (voice channel) is divided
in 8 different time slots numbered from 0 to 7
 the BTS sends signals to a particular cell phone in a
specific time slot (from those 8 time slots) and the cell
phone replies in a different time slot

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