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Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasizes that unconscious motivations are the main cause of behavior. He viewed human nature as deterministic and driven by the pleasure principle in the id. The mind is divided into the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. Personality has three structures - the id operates on pleasure, the ego uses reality, and the superego determines morality. Defense mechanisms like repression help reduce anxiety when the ego cannot balance the id and superego. Freud also proposed psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital, and fixation in a stage can result in difficulties in adulthood.

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Khimberly Xylem Ortiz
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45 views

Psychoanalytic Theory

Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasizes that unconscious motivations are the main cause of behavior. He viewed human nature as deterministic and driven by the pleasure principle in the id. The mind is divided into the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious. Personality has three structures - the id operates on pleasure, the ego uses reality, and the superego determines morality. Defense mechanisms like repression help reduce anxiety when the ego cannot balance the id and superego. Freud also proposed psychosexual stages of development from oral to genital, and fixation in a stage can result in difficulties in adulthood.

Uploaded by

Khimberly Xylem Ortiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PSYCHOANALYTIC

THEORY
OF

SIGMUND FREUD
OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYSIS

• EMPHASIZES UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVATION THE


MAIN CAUSE OF BEHAVIOR LIE IN THE
UNCONSCIOUS MIND
VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE

• DETERMINISTIC: ”LIFE IS ABOUT GAINING PLEASURE


AND AVOIDING PAIN”
• HUMAN AS ENERGY SYSTEM: FREUD BELIEVE THAT
HUMAN ARE MOTIVATED BY THE UNCONSCIOUS, WHERE
THE ID IS FOUND ALONG WITH THE AGGRESSION AND
SEX INSTINCTS.
LEVEL OF MENTAL LIFE
• UNCONSCIOUS : CONTAINS ALL THE FEELING, URGES OR INTICTS
THAT ARE BEYOND OUR AWARENESS BUT IT AFFEXT OUR
EXPRESSION, FEELING, ACTIONS (EX. DLIP OF TONGUE, DREAMS
AND WISHES)
• PRECONSCIOUS: FACTS STORED IN A PART OF THE BRAIN, WHICH
ARE NOT CONSCIOUS BUT ARE AVAILABLE FOR POSSIBLE USE IN
THE FUTURE (E.G. A PERSON WHO WILL NEVER THINK OF HIS
HOME ADDRESS AT THAT MOMENT BUT WHEN A FRIEND ASK FOR
IT HE CAN EASILY RECALL IT)
• CONSCIOUS:
– DIRECTLY AVAILABLE TO US
– AWARENESS OF OUR OWN MENTAL PROCESS.
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

• ID:
– OPERATES THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE – TO GAIN
PLEASURE AVOIS PAIN
– DRIVEN BY SEXUAL AND AGGRESSIVE URGE
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

• EGO
– RATIONAL LEVEL OF PERSONALITY
– OPERATES ON REALITY PRINCIPLE – DOES REALTISIC
AND LIOGICAL THINKING
– BALANCE ID AND SUPEREGO
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY

• SUPEREGO
– PARTIALLY UNCONSCIOUS
– OPERATES MORAL PRINCIPLES –ABLE TO
DOFFERENTIATE BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD,
RIGHT AND WRONG.
EXAMPLE

EATS A
I WANT TO
SMALL BAR
EAT
OF IM ON A DIET
CHOCOLATES CHOCOLTATE
IF THE
EGO C
A
AND I NNOT BAL
D IT W A
ILL RE NCE SUPER
SULT E GO
TO
DEFENSE
MECHANISM

I WANT TO
EAT
CHOCOLATES ANXIETY

IM ON A DIET
DEFENSE
MECHANISMS
TO REDUCE ANXIETY OF THE EGO
DEFENSE MECHANISMS

• REPRESSION
DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

UNPLEASANT EXPERIENCES ARE STORED AN ACCIDENT VICTIM NEARLY DIES BUT


DEEP IN THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND AND REMEMBER NONE OF THE DETAILS OF THE
CANT BE ACCESS BY THE CONSCIOUS MIND ACCIDENT
- TRAUMA
DEFENSE MECHANISM

• DISPLACEMENT
DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

REDIRECTING THE FEELINGS OF ANGERED BY A NEIGHBOR’S


HOSTILITY AD VIOLENT ACTION HATEFUL COMMENT, A MOTHER
FROM SELF TO ANOTHER THAT IS PIUNISH HER CHILD FOR
LESS THREATENING FROM ACCIDENTALLY SPILLING HER
ORIGINAL SOURCE DRINKS
DEFENSE MECHANISM

• RATIONALIZATION

DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

PROVIDING A REASONABLE A STUDENT WHO FAILS A TEST


EXPLANATION TO MAKE BECAUSE SHE DIDN’T STUDY
UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR APPEAR HARD, BLAMES HER FAILURE ON
LOGICAL THE TEACHER FOR THE “TRICKY”
QUESTIONS
DEFENSE MECHANISMS

• DENIAL
DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

REALITY IS DISTORTED TO MAKE AN ALCOHOLIC FAILS TO


IT SUIT TO THE INDIVIDUAL’S ACKNOWLEDGE THAT HE IS
WISHES ADDICTED TO ALCOHOL
DEFENSE MECHANISM

• REGRESSION
DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
RETURNING TO A BEHAVIOR AFTER LUCY;S PARENTS BITTER
PATTERN CHARACTERISTIC OF AN DIVORCE, SHE REFUSE TO SLEEP
EARLIER STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT ALONE IN HER ROO,M AND
CRAWLING INTO BED WITH HER
MOTHER
DEFENSE MECHANISM

• REACTION FORMATION
DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

THINKING OR BEHAVING IN A WAY A WOMAN WHO LOVES AN


THAT IS THE EXTREME OPPOSITE UBOBTAINABLE MAN AND
TO THISE THAT ARE OF REAL BEHAVES AS THOUGH SHE HATES
INTENTION HIM

“THE MORE YOU HATE , THE MORE


YOU LOVE”
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
• A PERSON BECOME “FIXATED” OR STUCK IN
STAGE WHEN A BASIC NEED IS NOT MET,
THEREFORE THAT PERSON WILL FACE
DIFFICULTY IN TRANSITING TO ANOTHER STAGE
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

• ORAL STAGE
• BIRTH TO 18 MONTHS
• PLEASURE CENTERS ON THE MOUTH – SUCKING, BITING
• FIXATION:
– DEPENDENT ON CIGARETTE OR ALCOHOL, BECOME CHATTERBOX
– IF THE CHILD IS UNDER STIMULATED IN THIS STAGE, AS AN ADULT HE OR SHE WILL
MAKE BITINGLY SARCASTIC, REMARKS OR ARGUMENTATIVE.
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

• ANAL STAGE: 18 MONTHS UNTIL 3 YEARS


• PLEASURE FOCUSES ON BOWEL MOVEMENT (WITHHOLDING/ELIMINATING
FAECES)
• FIXATION:
• IF PARENT WERE OVER-EMPHASIZING POTTY TRAINING, THE CHILD WILL
DEVELOP A RETENTIVE CHARACTER.
• IF THE PARENT IS NEGLIGENT ABOUT THE POTTTY TRAINING, THE CHILD WILL
DEVELP EXPULSIVE TRAIT SUCH AS BAD TEMPER, CRUELTY AND MESSY
DISORDERLINESS.
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

• PHALIC STAGE: 3 TO 6 YEARS


• PLEASURE ZONE IS THE SEX ORGAN/ GENITALS
• FIXATION:
• OEDIPUS COMPLEX FOR MALES
• ELECTRA COMPLEX FOR FEMALES
• THIS CONFLICT CAN ALSO CAUSE THE CHILD TO BE AFRAID OF CLOSE
RELATIONSHIP AND WEAK SEXUAL IDENTITY
• FIXATION OF THIS STAGE IS THE ROOT OF HOMOSEXUALITY
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

• LATENCY STAGE: 6 TO 11 YEARS, UNTIL PUBERTY


• NO FIXATION OCCUR AS THE CHILD’S ENERGY ARE FOCUSED ON PEER
ACTIVITIES AND PWESONAL MASTERY OF LEARNING AND PHYSICAL SKILLS
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

• GENITAL STAGE: 12 YEARS ONWARDS


• SEXUAL INTEREST ON THE OPPOSITE SEX INCREASES
• THE CHILD IMPORVE THEIR PERSONAL IDENTITIES.
• FIXATION:
• UNSATISFACTORY RELATIONSHIP

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