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Machine Tools and Machining 2

The document summarizes grinding machines and their operation. It defines grinding as a machining process that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the workpiece. It describes the basic components of a grinding machine including the base, tables, headstock, wheelhead, and tailstock. It explains the different types of grinding machines such as rough grinders, precision grinders, and the operations of surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, and centerless grinding. Safety precautions for operating grinding machines are also provided.

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Faisal Maqsood
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81 views

Machine Tools and Machining 2

The document summarizes grinding machines and their operation. It defines grinding as a machining process that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the workpiece. It describes the basic components of a grinding machine including the base, tables, headstock, wheelhead, and tailstock. It explains the different types of grinding machines such as rough grinders, precision grinders, and the operations of surface grinding, cylindrical grinding, and centerless grinding. Safety precautions for operating grinding machines are also provided.

Uploaded by

Faisal Maqsood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MACHINE TOOLS AND

MACHINING
Submitted to: Engr. Shahid Farooq
Prepared by: Faisal Maqsood
Enrollment No: 2017-ME-527
GRINDING MACHINE
GRINDING MACHINE DEFINITION:

• A grinding machine or grinder is an industrial power tool that uses an 


abrasive wheel for cutting or removing the material.
• It is a process of metal cutting by using a rotating abrasive wheel from the surface of the work
piece.
• Generally, the grinding is finishing operation to show the 
high surface quality, accuracy of the shape and dimension.
• Grinding machine operation is also carried out for machining too hard material.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF GRINDING
MACHINE:
• Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive wheel.
• Due to action of rubbing or friction between the abrasive particles and work piece material is
removed.
GRINDING MACHINE TYPES:
ROUGH GRINDERS:

• Floor or bench grinders


• Portable grinders
• Abrasive belt grinders
• Swing Frame grinders
PRECISION GRINDERS:

• Surface Grinders
• Cylindrical Grinders (Plain, Universal, and Center-less grinders)
• Tool and Cutter Grinders
• Internal Grinders (Chucking, Planetary, and Center-less grinders)
• Special Grinding machine
FLOOR OR BENCH GRINDER:

• A small type of machine used in the labs where a small work piece has to grind. For example,
when we manufacture a single-point cutting tool for a lathe machine we use to manufacture by
floor or bench grinder.
PORTABLE GRINDER:

• As the name indicates Portable that means it is not fixed at one point. The portable grinder is
used for cutting tiles.
ABRASIVE GRINDER:

• The abrasive grinder is a similar type of these grinders but the main difference is here abrasive
is used while cutting and finishing the job. This is more costly than the floor and portable
grinder.
SWING FRAME GRINDER:

• The swing frame grinder is a complicated type grinder machine and it is used for the heavy
work piece.
SURFACE GRINDER:

• A surface grinder consists of an abrasive wheel, a chuck (a workpiece holding device), and a


rotary table. The chuck is used to hold the material in place while the wheel and object are
rotated to produce a smooth finish.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDERS:

• A cylindrical grinder is used for shaping the outside of a work piece.


• These machines accept work pieces in a variety of shapes as long as they can be rotated through
a central axis.
• In a cylindrical grinder, both the work piece and grinding wheel are simultaneously rotated.
• Outside diameter grinders, internal diameter grinders, and centerless grinders are all types of
cylindrical grinders.
CENTER-LESS GRINDERS:

• A center-less grinder is a type of cylindrical grinder which uses two rotary wheels to secure the
work piece in place.
• Unlike a centered grinder, a center-less grinder does not make use of a spindle.
• The speed of the rotation of the wheels determines at what rate the material is removed.
TOOL & CUTTER GRINDERS:

• A tool and cutter grinder makes use of a CNC machine tool with up to 5 axes and multiple
grinding wheels.
• These devices are used for sharpening and producing milling cutters such as drills, end mills, and
step tools.
• It is also widely used for producing the tools needed in the woodworking and metal cutting
industries.
PARTS OF A GRINDING MACHINE:
A grinding machine consists of the following parts:

• Base or Bed
• Tables
• Headstock
• Tailstock
• Wheel head
• Cross feed
BASE OR BED:

• It is a cast-iron casting rests on the floor and supports the other parts which are mounted on it.
• The base houses the table drive mechanism and on the top of the base accurately machined
guideways are provided at right angles to the table to slide on it.
TABLE:

There are two tables:

• Lower table, and


• Upper table.
• The lower table provides transverse movement to the work by sliding over the guide ways on
the bed, which can be moved by hand or power.
• The upper table pivoted at its center over the sliding table and provided with headstock and
tailstock and these can be positioned at any position along the table to hold the work piece.
• The upper table can be swiveled and clamped for grinding straight or tapered surface.
HEAD STOCK:

• The headstock fixed over the bed and supports the workpiece by means of a dead center and
drives it by means of a dog or it may hold the work piece in a chuck and drives it.
WHEEL HEAD:

• It consists of a grinding wheel and its driving motor.


• The wheel head is mounted on a slide at the rear end of the base and moves perpendicularly to
the table ways by hand or power to feed the grinding wheel to the work.
Tailstock:
• The tailstock can be adjusted and fixed in any required position to accommodate different lengths of the
work piece.

Cross feed:
• The grinding wheel can be fed to the work by engagement of the crossfeed control lever by hand or power.
GRINDING MACHINE OPERATIONS:

Surface grinding operation:


• It is used to make a flat surface, the rotating grinding wheel removes the material from the top
surface of the work piece gives a flat look.
WET AND DRY GRINDING OPERATION:

• Although there are two methods of doing a grinding operation, one is wet grinding and the
second one is dry grinding.
Wet grinding:
• In wet grinding, during the grinding operation, we sprayed coolant generally water or any coolant
to cool the surface so that the longevity of the grinding wheel increases and also we get a fine
surface finish.

Dry grinding:
• In this type of grinding process coolant is not used.
• Dry grinding is not preferable, in this process grinding wheel wear is more plus we get an uneven
surface finish.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING OPERATION:

• This type of grinding operation is performed only for cylindrical jobs.

The cylindrical grinding operation is two types:


• External cylinder grinding
• Internal Cylinder grinding
External cylinder grinding operation:
• When we need to remove the excess material from the outer surface of the work piece then we
performed an external grinding operation.

Internal cylinder grinding operation:


• This operation is done for smoothening the internal surface of a hole or any cylindrical work
piece.
CENTER LESS GRINDING OPERATION:

• In this type of grinding operation two grinding wheels are fitted parallel with a little 5-10 degree
angle, this angle is provided to get a longitudinal motion of the work piece.
• A cylindrical rod is entered between the two grinding wheel due to the tilted angle the work
piece is automatically pass through the wheels, and we got a smooth surface.
• In this type of grinding process, the grinding wheel is maintained exactly the same shape as the
final product.
• When the job is passing through it automatically the pre-determined shape is formed on the work
piece.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRINDING MACHINE:

• Grinding wheel size


• No-Load speed
• Frequency and volt-rating of machines
• Input power needed for operating the various grinding machines
• Horizontal or vertical spindle
• Kind of control existing for grinding head
• Hand – operated or CNC controlled machine
GRINDING MACHINE TROUBLESHOOTING:

• Grinding wheel loading


• Insufficient cooling during grinding
• Overly high infeed
• Grinding wheel too hard for particular work
• Incorrect dressing of grinding wheel( Wheel glazing )
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

• Wear goggles for all grinding machine operations


• Never operate grinding wheels at speeds in excess of the recommended speed.
• Never adjust the work piece or work mounting devices when the machine is operating
• Do not exceed recommended depth of cut for the grinding wheel or machine.
• Remove work piece from grinding wheel before turning machine off.
• Use proper wheel guards on all grinding machines.
Thank You

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