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The Self From Various Philosophical Perspectives: PREPAIRED BY: Mrs Glenda T. Abcede

Socrates believed that humans are composed of both a body and soul. Plato, his student, expanded on this idea by proposing humans have three parts to their soul: rational, spirited, and appetitive. Augustine and Aquinas agreed humans have both a material body and an immaterial soul or essence. Descartes conceived of humans as having both a body and a mind. Hume argued the self is just a bundle of perceptions and experiences, not a distinct entity. Kant believed the mind organizes sense impressions. Ryle rejected the mind-body dichotomy and viewed the self as just referring to a person's observable behaviors. Merleau-Ponty saw the mind and body as inextric

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Gherneil Dalanon
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62 views13 pages

The Self From Various Philosophical Perspectives: PREPAIRED BY: Mrs Glenda T. Abcede

Socrates believed that humans are composed of both a body and soul. Plato, his student, expanded on this idea by proposing humans have three parts to their soul: rational, spirited, and appetitive. Augustine and Aquinas agreed humans have both a material body and an immaterial soul or essence. Descartes conceived of humans as having both a body and a mind. Hume argued the self is just a bundle of perceptions and experiences, not a distinct entity. Kant believed the mind organizes sense impressions. Ryle rejected the mind-body dichotomy and viewed the self as just referring to a person's observable behaviors. Merleau-Ponty saw the mind and body as inextric

Uploaded by

Gherneil Dalanon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Self from Various Philosophical

Perspectives

PREPAIRED BY: mrs Glenda t. abcede


Socrates
He was more concerned with another subject, the problem
of the “SELF”. He is the first philosopher who questioned
about the “SELF”. This has become his life long mission. The
true task of the philosopher to know oneself. He believes that
man is composed of body and soul.
Plato (Student of Socrates)
Supported the idea that man is dual nature of body and soul.
According to him:
There are three components of the soul:
1st Rational Soul- forge be reason and intellect, has to govern the
affairs of human person.
2nd Spirited Soul- charge of emotions should be kept at bay.
3rd Appetitive Soul- charge of desires like eating, dinking, sleeping and
having sex are controlled as well.
 When this ideal state is attained, then the human person’s soul
becomes just a virtuous.
Socrates believes that all individual have an
imperfect, impermanent aspect of him, and the body,
while maintaining that there is also a soul that is perfect
and permanent.
Augustine’s Perspectives

He agreed that man is of a bifurcated nature. An


aspect of man dwells in the world and is imperfect and
continuously yearns to be with the divine and other is
capable of reaching immortality. ( i.e. Enoch, Elisha)
Thomas Aquinas
He agreed that human body is composed of two parts:
MATTER and FORM.
He used the word “HYLE”- refers to common stuff that
makes up everything in the universe. Man’s body is part of
this matter. Form on the other hand or Morphe in Greek refers
to the essence. The soul is what animates the body; it is what
makes us human.
Descartes
Father of Modern Philosophy conceived of the human person
as having a body and a mind.
He claims that there is so much that we should
doubt, since much of what we think and believe are not
infallible, they may turn out to be falls.

He thought that the only thing that one cannot doubt is the
existence of the “SELF”.
HUME
Scottish Philosopher, who has a very unique way of looking at
man. An empiricist who believes that “one can know only what
comes from the senses and experiences”.
He argued the self is nothing like what his predecessors thought
of it. The self is not an entity over and beyond the physical body.
EMPIRICISM- is the school of the thought that espouses the idea
that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced.
David Hume believes that the self is nothing else
but a bundle of impressions.
It is a buddle of different perceptions, which
succeed each other with an conceivable rapidity and
are in the perpetual flux and movement.
KANT
He believes that there is a necessarily a mind that organizes
the impressions that men get from the external world. TIME and
SPACE for example are ideas that one cannot find in the world
but is built in our minds. He called this as the “APPARATUSES of
the MIND”. The different apparatuses of the mind goes the
“SELF”- without the self, one cannot organize the different
impressions that one gets in relation to his own existence.
RYLE
He solves the “MIND-BODY DICHOTOMY”- meaning
denying the concept of an internal, non- physical self.
What truly matters to RYLE is the behaviour that a person
manifest in his day-to-day life. He suggest that self is not an
entity on can locate and analyse but simply the convenient name
that people use to refer to all the behaviors that people make.
MERLEAU-PONTY
A phenomenologist who asserts that the mind-body bifurcation
that has been going on for a long time is a futile endeavour and an
invalid problem.
He believes that the mind and the body are so intertwined that
they cannot be separated from one another.
For him the living body, his thoughts, emotions, and
experiences are all one.

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