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Comp Network IT 5

This document discusses different types of computer networks including local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), and metropolitan area networks (MAN). It describes how LAN connects devices within a building using a file server, while WAN spans larger distances between cities and countries using devices like routers and modems. Different network topologies are also summarized, including bus, star, ring and mesh, along with common networking media like twisted pair wire, coaxial cable and fiber optics.

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Iqbal Hanif
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8 views

Comp Network IT 5

This document discusses different types of computer networks including local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), and metropolitan area networks (MAN). It describes how LAN connects devices within a building using a file server, while WAN spans larger distances between cities and countries using devices like routers and modems. Different network topologies are also summarized, including bus, star, ring and mesh, along with common networking media like twisted pair wire, coaxial cable and fiber optics.

Uploaded by

Iqbal Hanif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

Computer Networking
.
Computer Network

• Collection of computers and


machines connected together
via communication devices
and media such as modems,
cables, telephone lines,
satellites & Wi-Fi
Important Types of Networks

- Local Area Networks (LAN)


- Wide Area Networks (WAN)
-Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
-Internet (Net)
Local Area Networks (LAN)
• Connects computers & other devices within a
limited area, such as an office, class room, or
building, etc.
• Departments in an office & workgroups
(teams) are linked through LAN
• Use a circuit board or card called Network
Interface Card
Local Area Networks (LAN) cont …
• LAN uses a powerful microcomputer with a
large hard disk capacity called File (Network)
Server
• File Server contains a Network Operating
System, which controls information transfer &
network devices sharing
• E.g. a number of users can print information
on the same printer
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
• Covers a large geographical area
• E.g. from one building to another building, or
from one city to another city, or from one
country to another country
• Used by many multinational companies to
transmit information among their employees,
customers, suppliers, and other organizations
across cities, regions, and countries
Wide Area Networks (WAN) cont…

• LAN or WAN of a company is connected


with LAN or WAN of another company to
transfer information via a device called
Router
• Modems are used to transmit
information on WANs
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)

• are limited to a city or a


metropolitan area
• A kind of WAN
Difference between WAN & MAN

• WAN may be across countries


also e.g. between Pakistan & USA
• MAN is within a city e.g. can be
setup within Karachi
Computer Network cont…
Internet (Net)
- Stands for International network
- Worldwide collection of computer
networks that links millions of
businesses, educational institutions,
government organizations,
individuals, etc.
- e.g. a computer in Pakistan linked with
a computer in England
Computer Network cont…
Internet cont…
• World Wide Web (www)
One of the most widely used internet services,
used to connect & access information on the
Internet
• Other services include E-mail, File Transfers,
Newsgroups etc
Advantages of Networking
• Sharing of hardware e.g. Printers, saves cost
• Sharing of software e.g. large programs,
convenience of users
• Communication between all the users is
convenient e.g. high speed internet connection
• Sharing of information is convenient
• Administration of the whole network e.g.
stopping illegal software
• Data security – File server contains software
which stops data theft, viruses etc
Network Topologies
• Arrangements how computers and
other devices are connected to one
another
• Node
Device connected to a network
e.g. computer, printer, etc.
Types of Network Topologies
• Bus Topology
• Star(Hub) Topology
• Ring Topology
• Mesh Topology
Bus Topology
• All nodes are connected directly to a
main line called Bus that carries
information
• Address of destination node is given at
the source computer
• Information travels from source
computer to destination node via bus
and ignores remaining nodes
Bus Topology cont…
• Suitable for small network of 2-5
nodes, but speed goes down for
large number of nodes
• Not very common now a days
• Disadvantage:
If one node fails, the entire network
fails
Bus Topology
Star(Hub) Topology
• Shape of a star, therefore called Star
Topology
• All the nodes are connected through a
device called Hub
• Information from one computer to another
node is transferred through Hub
• One of the most common & popular
topologies
Star(Hub) Topology cont…
• Advantages:
- Low cost
- Easy to troubleshoot (to find problems)
- If one node fails, then only failed node is
unable to send or receive information,
other nodes work normally
• Disadvantage:
If Hub fails, the entire network fails
Star(Hub) Topology
Ring Topology
• Nodes are connected on a single circle of cable
• The signals travel around the loop in one direction
and pass through each node
• Token
- a digital control (in the form of bits), which
controls flow of information in Ring Topology
- When signal is transferred from one node to
next node, token is also transferred
Ring Topology
Mesh Topology
• Each node is connected to every other node
by a separate cable
• Advantage:
If one node stops working, you don't lose the
network
Mesh Topology
Networking Media
• The media through which information travels
from one computer or device to another
• Commonly used:
- Twisted Pair Wire
- Coaxial Cables
- Fiber Optics (most recent)
- Wireless Technologies (most recent)
References
• https://www.google.com.pk/?gws_rd=cr,ssl&ei=aTzxVIflOcPmave5gfgG#q=telecommunication
• https://www.google.com.pk/?gws_rd=cr,ssl&ei=aTzxVIflOcPmave5gfgG#q=computer+networking
• http://www.firewall.cx/networking-topics/general-networking/103-network-topologies.html

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