THE NEOPSYCHOANALYTIC

APPROACH
Carl Jung and Alfred Adler

 Nor Najatul Simaa binti Mohtar Rudin G 1817956

 Mariani binti Ahmad Basri G 1818226

 Mohd Hasyrie Rusydi bin Kamaruzaman G 1816571

 OVERVIEW OF THE MAIN POINTS

1. Biographical Information of Carl Jung and Albert Adler

2. The Neopsychoanalytic Approach
3. Comparison between Carl Jung and Albert Alder
4. Research and assessment
5. Conclusion
WHO IS CARL JUNG?

● Carl Gustav Jung

● 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961
● Born in Kesswyl Swirzerland
● Died in Kusnacht Swirzerland
● The only son of a protestant clergyman
● Graduated in medicine at the
University of Basel
 FAMILY BACKGROUND

● Lived in a family of nine clergyman (eight uncles and his father)

● Father
● - considered weak and powerless
● -kind and tolerant
● -but failed to be the strong authority figure his son needed
● Mother
● -more powerful parents
● Emotional instability
 MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD

● Memories of his childhood - was a quiet and observant child

(introvert child)
● The result of isolation, spent hours observing the roles of adult-build
his career
● had two personalities - like his mother
- Personality Number 1 - a typical schoolboy living in the era of the
time
- Personality Number 2 - was a dignified, authoritative and influential
man from the past
CARL JUNG WAS KNOWN FOR...
● Analytical psychology
● Psychological types
● Collective unconscious
● Complex
● Archetypes
● Anima and animus
● Synchronicity
● Shadow
● Extraversion and introversion
THE YEAR WITH FREUD..
WHO IS ALFRED ADLER ?
● Alfred Adler
● 7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937
● was born at Mariahilfer Straße 208[7] in Rudolfsheim,Vienna
Austria
● was second of the seven children of a Jewish couple
● Graduated in medicine from University of Vienna
● was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and
founder of the school of individual psychology.
FAMILY BACKGROUND

● son of Pauline (Beer) and Leopold Adler, a Hungarian-

born grain merchant
● being pampered to his mother because of his illness
● Had a younger brother when he was 2
● Close to his father
 MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD
● was an active, popular child and an average student who was also known for his
competitive attitude toward his older brother.
● Marked by illness, an awareness of death and jealousy of his older brother
● Suffered from rickets - kept him from playing with other children
● At the age of 3, his younger brother in the bed next to him
● At the age of four, he developed pneumonia
● At that point - decided to be a physician
● Because of the illness-he felt inferior to his brother and other children
● He resolve to work hard to overcome his inferiority
ALBERT ADLER WAS KNOWN FOR...

● Individual psychology
● Superiority complex
● Inferiority complex
● Style of life
THEORY OF PERSONALITY

CARL JUNG
 THE THEORY

❖ Jung’s theory divided the human mind into three parts :

1. The Ego
● Jung defines as the unconscious mind

1. The Personal Unconscious

● Anything that is not presently conscious, but can b.e. It includes both
memories that are easily brought to mind and those that have been
repressed for some reason
3. The Collective Unconscious

● This refers to our “Psychic Inheritance”:

● The reservoir of our experiences as a species, a kind of
knowledge we are all born with (the collective memories
of the entire human race). We are not directly
conscious of it but it influences all our experiences and
behaviours.

● According to Jung, this is who so many cultures have

the same symbols recurring in their myths, religion, art,
and dreams. The common symbols are referred to as
archetypes.
 ARCHETYPES
● The content of the collective unconscious are called
"Archetypes"

● Jung believed humans are not born "clean slates". He

thought we came into this world with certain pre-
dispositions that cause behaviour.

● These behaviours were driven by archetypes or

archetypal behaviour.
Family Archetypes:
EXAMPLES OF ARCHETYPES
The Father – Stern, Powerful, Controlling
The Mother – Feeding, Nurturing, Soothing
The Child – Birth, Beginnings, Salvation
Story Archetypes:
The Hero – Rescuer, Champion
The Maiden – Purity, Desire
The Wise Old Man – Knowledge, Guidance
The Magician – Mysterious and Powerful
The Witch or Sorceress - Dangerous
The Trickster – Deceiving and Hidden

Animal Archetypes:
The Faithful Dog – Unquestioning Loyalty
The Enduring Horse – Never Giving Up
The Devious Cat – Self Serving
 INTROVERT AND EXTROVERT
● Jung is most famous for his development of the
personality types of INTROVERT and EXTROVERT.

● Introverts are people who prefer their internal world of

thoughts, feelings, and dreams.

● Extroverts prefer the external world of things, other

people, and activities.
THEORY OF PERSONALITY

ALFRED ADLER
 ALFRED ADLER
● Developed the approach of individual psychology
● Contributions to understanding of personality
● Notion of striving for superiority
● Role of parental influence on personality development
● Effects of birth order
 THE THEORY - THE SIX TENETS OF ADLERIAN
THEORY
1. The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is
the striving for success or superiority
2. People’s subjective perceptions shape their behavior
and personality
3. Personality is unified and self-consistent
4. The value of all human activity must be seen from the
viewpoint of social interest
5. The self consistent personality structure develops
into a person’s style of life.
6. The style of life is molded by people’s creative power.
 STRIVING FOR SUCCESS AND SUPERIORITY
● Single motivating force that can subsume all other
motives
● Individual’s begin life with feelings of inferiority
● All individual actions aim to establish a sense of
superiority over life’s obstacles
● Excessive feelings of inferiority lead to inferiority complex
● Social interest combined with superiority striving
indicates mental health of a person
 PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON PERSONALITY
DEVELOPMENT

● Parental behaviors that lead to problems in children’s life

● Pampering
❖ Robs the child of independence and adds to feelings
of inferiority
● Neglect - Children who receive little attention from their
parents:
❖ Grow up cold and suspicious
❖ Are incapable of warm personal relationships
BIRTH ORDER
 COMPARISON
ITEM SIGMUND FREUD ALFRED ADLER CARL GUSTAV JANG

TITLE FATHER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS FATHER OF INDIVIDUAL FATHER OF ANALYTIC

PSYCHOLOGY PSCHOLOGY

- Try to understand human nature,

- It tries to see individual lives as a - Analytical psychology views a
motivation, behavior, development an
whole and regards each single person’s beliefs and behaviors
experience reaction, each movement and as the result of conscious and
- It is a method of treatment for impulse as an articulated part of an unconscious beliefs
psychological problems and individual attitude toward life
difficulties in living to be a
successful life.
 COMPARISON
SIGMUND FREUD ALFRED ADLER CARL GUSTAV JANG

MIND 3 level of mind : Inferiority and superiority Theory of psychological type and the
complex unconscious
Conscious level –
thought, perception
Subconscious level-
memories, stored
knowledge
Unconscious level – fear,
shameful experience
 COMPARISON
SIGMUND FREUD ALFRED ADLER CARL GUSTAV JANG

PERSONALITY Id ego superego Based on birth order

Personality type based on
thinking, intuition,
sensation and feeling
 COMPARISON
SIGMUND FREUD ALFRED ADLER CARL GUSTAV JANG

MOTIVATION Infantile neurosis, Natural human need, A motivation,

doesn't allow us to generated harmony to made humans
reach our full potential the soul more perfect
 COMPARISON
SIGMUND FREUD ALFRED ADLER CARL GUSTAV JANG

UNCONSCIOUS Unconscious filled with negative thought If a person dreams a Solve the problems
MIND lot, it means that he in the unconscious in
has many problems order to find success
and happiness in the
(All believed in conscious world
the analysis of
dreams in order
to understand
the unconscious )
 COMPARISON
SIGMUND FREUD ALFRED ADLER CARL GUSTAV JANG

DREAM Dreams contained both viewed the dreams can also

manifest and latent reveal archetypal
personality as being
content. material, creativity
holistic. The and drive toward
And Freud believed individuation.
that the meaning of conscious and
Jung viewed the
dreams is almost always unconscious are not manifest content of
fulfillment. separate. He did not dreams as not being

such focus on dream disguises but being

metaphors
interpretation.
RESEARCH & ASSESSMENT
RESEARCH IN JUNG’S THEORY

 Was case study

 Psychological types

 Dreams

 Individuation

 The Midlife Crisis In Women

 ASSESSMENT IN JUNG’S THEORY

 Word association

 Symptom analysis

 Dream analysis

 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

RESEARCH IN ADLER’S THEORY

● Was the case study

● He analyzed their personality by examining by writings.
● dreams
● early recollection
● Neglect in childhood
● Social interest
● Birth order
 ASSESSMENT IN ADLER’S THEORY

● Early Recollection

● Dream Analysis

● Measure of social interest

 SUMMARY
•The neo-Freudians were psychologists whose work followed from
Freud’s. They generally agreed with Freud that childhood
experiences matter, but they decreased the emphasis on sex and
focused more on the social environment and effects of culture on
personality.
•The neo-Freudian approaches have been criticized, because they
tend to be philosophical rather than based on sound scientific
research. For example, Jung’s conclusions about the existence of
the collective unconscious are based on myths, legends, dreams, and
art.
• In addition, as with Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the neo-
Freudians based much of their theories of personality on
information from their patients.
 CONCLUSION

Carl Jung

- Broadened Freud’s definition of libido, redefining it as ore generalized dynamic force

- Personality is shaped by the future and the past

- Accepted Jungian idea include the word association test, complexes, introversion-extroversion,self

actualization and the midlife crisis

 Albert Adler
- His individual’s psychology differ from Freudian psychoanalysis

- Minimizes the roles of sex

- Emphasizes on uniqueness of individual, on conciousness and social

 REFERENCES
1. Carl Jung. (2019, November 29). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung#University_studies_and_early_career.
2. https://studymoose.com/comparison-of-adler-freud-and-jung-essay
3. Adler, A. 1964. Superiority and Social Interest: A collection of later writings. Evanston:
Norhtwestern University Press
4. Adler, A. 1956. The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler: A Systematic Presentation in Selection
from His Writings. New York: Basic Book.
5. Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2017). Theories of personality. Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia
Pte Ltd.
6. Albert Adler. (2019, November 29). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Alder#University_studies_and_early_career.