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Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS)

RTDs are temperature sensors that use the precise linear relationship between temperature and electrical resistance to measure temperature. They can measure small temperature changes with high accuracy and repeatability. Common applications include HVAC, manufacturing, and research. RTDs use platinum wire or thin films that change resistance predictably with temperature. Infrared thermometers non-contactly measure the infrared radiation emitted by a surface to determine its temperature, allowing for fast, remote, or hazardous temperature measurements.

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84 views

Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS)

RTDs are temperature sensors that use the precise linear relationship between temperature and electrical resistance to measure temperature. They can measure small temperature changes with high accuracy and repeatability. Common applications include HVAC, manufacturing, and research. RTDs use platinum wire or thin films that change resistance predictably with temperature. Infrared thermometers non-contactly measure the infrared radiation emitted by a surface to determine its temperature, allowing for fast, remote, or hazardous temperature measurements.

Uploaded by

ramprabhakarj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs)

 Wire wound and thin film


devices.
 Nearly linear over a wide range of
temperatures.
 Can be made small enough to
have response times of a fraction
of a second.
 Require an electrical current to
produce a voltage drop across the
sensor
 Can be used for small
temperature measurement and
accurate
RTD Applications
 Air conditioning and
refrigeration servicing
 Furnace servicing
 Foodservice processing
 Medical research
 Textile production
 Molten sulpha
manufacturing
BASIC THEORY
• The relationship between the temperature and the electrical
resistance is usually non-linear and described by a higher
order polynomial.
• Rt=Ro(1+αt+βt2+ϒt3+…….)

• Ro is the resistance at 0°C.


• R100/Ro is used to measure the purity of platinum.It’s avlue
should be greater than 1.3

• α=3.96X 10-3/°C and β=5.8X 10-7/°C for Platinum


Platinum Sensing Resistors
• Platinum, with its wide temperature range and stability,
has become the preferred element material for resistance
thermometers.
• Platinum sensing resistors are available with alternative Ro
values, for example 10, 25 and 100 Ohms.

• The platinum sensing resistor, Pt100 to IEC 751 is


dominant in many parts of the world.
• Its advantages include chemical stability, relative ease of
manufacture, the availability of wire in a highly pure form
and excellent reproducibility of its electrical characteristic.
• The result is a truly interchangeable sensing resistor which
is widely commercially available at a reasonable cost.
RTDs
Advantages Disadvantages

• High cost
Most stable over time
• Most accurate
Slowest response time
• Mostsensitivity
Low repeatable totemperature
small temperature
measurement
changes
• Very resistant
Sensitive to vibration
to contamination/
(strains the platinum element wire)
• corrosion of the
Decalibration if used
RTD element
beyond sensor’s temperature ratings
• Somewhat fragile
Different Configurations of RTD
Temperature Vs. Relative Resistance of RTD
Presently Used Industrial Thermometers.
Advantages of Noncontact Temp
Measurement
1. It is fast (in the ms range).time is saved, allowing for more
measurements and accumulation of data (determination of
temperature field).
2. It facilitates measurement of moving targets (conveyor
processes).
3. Measurements can be taken of hazardous or physically
inaccessible objects.(high-voltage parts, great measurement
distance).
4. Measurements of high temperatures (greater than 1300°C)
present no problems.
5.There is no interference
Infrared Thermometers
• Infrared Thermometers: measure the infrared
(heat) radiation given off by an object to
determine its temperature.
• Uses
Checking mechanical equipment or electrical
circuit breaker boxes or outlets for hot spots
Checking heater or oven temperature, for
calibration and control purposes Detecting hot
spots / performing diagnostics in electrical
circuit board manufacturing Checking for hot
spots in fire fighting situations Monitoring
materials in process of heating and cooling, for
research and development or manufacturing
quality control situations
Block Diagram of IR Thermometer
Infrared Thermometry

• Using various infrared filters,


an optical lens system focuses
energy to an infrared detector,
which coverts the energy to an
electrical signal. Through
linearization and amplification
in the instrument’s processor,
an analog signal (typically, 1 to
5 VDC or 4 to 20 mA) is output.
Some applications with
extremely hot operating
environments can require
water-jacket cooling at the
infrared sensor.
Basic Principle of IR Thermometry
• The infrared sensor receives the emitted radiation from
the object surface, but also reflected radiation from the
surroundings and perhaps penetrated infrared radiation
from the measuring object: ε + ρ +τ = 1

• Most bodies do not show transmissivity in infrared, therefore


the following applies:
ε+ρ=1
Optical Pyrometers
• Wedge-Type Optical Pyrometer. A wedge-type
optical pyrometer’s optical lenses and prisms
provide a clear, enlarged view of the target.
The instrument incorporates a rotating optical
photoscreenic wedge that functions as a
neutral density filter. Brightness from a hot
target, sighted through the optical system, is
varied by rotating the internal wedge until the
target’s intensity matches that of the internal
calibrated lamp. The temperature scale
around the outside of the optical pyrometer is
directly coupled to the instrument’s optical
wedge. Typical temperature ranges for optical
pyrometers are approximately 1,300 to
5,800°F (700 to 3,200°C).

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