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Fourier Circuit Analysis: Reproduction or Display. 1

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Chapter 18

Fourier Circuit
Analysis

Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for


1 reproduction or display.
A general periodic function of period T=2π/ω 0
can be represented by an infinite sum of
harmonic sines and cosines.

The harmonics of
v1(t) = cos(ω0t)
have frequencies nω0, where ω0 is the
fundamental frequency and n = 1, 2, 3, . . . .

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The sum (green) of a
fundamental (blue) and a third
harmonic (red) can look very
different, depending on the
amplitude and phase of the
harmonic.
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Any “normal” periodic function f(t) can be
expressed as a Fourier series:

The period T and fundamental frequency ω0 satisfy


T=2π/ω0 Copyright © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for
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Find the Fourier Series of the half-wave
rectified sine wave shown.

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The discrete-line spectrum with Vm=1

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Even: f(t)=f(-t)

FS: bn=0

Odd:
f(t)=-f(-t)

FS: an=0
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Find i(t).

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A more compact and simpler method of
expressing the Fourier series is to use complex
exponentials instead of sine and cosine:

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Determine the cn values for v(t).

Answer: 2/(nπ) sin(nπ/2) for n odd, 0 otherwise


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The Fourier Series concept can be extended to
include non-periodic waveforms using the
Fourier Transform:

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Parseval’s Theorem

allows us to think of |F(jω)|2 as the energy


density of f(t) at ω.

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 The Unit-Impulse:
 jt 0
 (t  t 0 )  e
 Cosine:

cos(0t)    (  0 )   (  0 )

 Other transform pairs are derived in Section


18.7 and summarized in Table 18.2

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The Fourier Transform also exists for periodic
functions, although we must resort to using
the impulse function to represent it:

With this knowledge, Fourier Series can be


ignored in favor of the Fourier Transform.
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The system function H(jω), defined as the
Fourier transform of the impulse response
h(t)  H ( j )
allows the calculation of the output of a system
given the Fourier Transform of its input:


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 the system function and the transfer function
are identical: H( jω) = G(ω)
[The fact that one argument is ω while the other is indicated by jω is
immaterial and arbitrary; the j merely makes possible a more direct
comparison between the Fourier and Laplace transforms.]

 Our previous work on steady-state sinusoidal


analysis using phasors was but a special case
of the more general techniques of Fourier
transform analysis.
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Find v0(t) using Fourier techniques.

Method: find
H(jω) by assuming
Vo and Vi are
sinusoids.

So: H(jω)=j2ω/(4 + j2ω)

and using FT tables and partial fractions:


vo(t)=5(3e−3t − 2e−2t )u(t)
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