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Dilg Federalism 101

This document provides an overview of federalism and compares it to unitary and presidential systems of government. It discusses how federalism differs in sharing powers between central/federal and regional governments. Federalism can help establish economic regions, empower localities, incentivize living outside metro areas, and provide autonomy to regions like Bangsamoro. Revenues would be shared more with regional than national government under a proposed federal system for the Philippines.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
72 views30 pages

Dilg Federalism 101

This document provides an overview of federalism and compares it to unitary and presidential systems of government. It discusses how federalism differs in sharing powers between central/federal and regional governments. Federalism can help establish economic regions, empower localities, incentivize living outside metro areas, and provide autonomy to regions like Bangsamoro. Revenues would be shared more with regional than national government under a proposed federal system for the Philippines.

Uploaded by

emmanuel quirino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FEDERALISM 101

A Presentation of the DILG Task Team on Federalism


1
What is Federalism?
A system of government under which
significant government powers are shared
between the federal government and the
Regional governments

2
How Is
Federalism
Different From
Presidential-
Unitary System?
In a PRESIDENTIAL-UNITARY In FEDERALISM, the
system of government, powers and resources of
powers and resources are the government are
under the control of the
central government shared by the federal
government and the
Regional government
3
Unitary & Federal Countries
Unitary Countries Federal Countries
LEBANON AUSTRIA
BANGLADESH GERMANY
PHILIPPINES CANADA
AFGHANISTAN UNITED STATES
KHAZAKSTAN AUSTRALIA

It is notable that the most stable and progressive


countries have federal forms of government.
Source: Wikipidia 4
Least &as Most Corrupt Countries
per Transparency International
Most Corrupt Countries Least Corrupt Countries

NORTH KOREA SOMALIA AFGHANISTAN DENMARK FINLAND SWEDEN

SOUTH SUDAN IRAQ LIBYA NORWAY SWITZERLAND SINGAPORE

VENEZUELA ERITREA SYRIA LUXEMBOURG UNITED KINGDOM AUSTRALIA

Majority of countries belong to the most corrupt have


unitary form of government while the least corrupt are
mostly federal
The Federal Government
Operates Under:
ONE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
ONE ARMED FORCES
ONE FLAG
ONE CENTRAL BANK
ONE MONETARY SYSTEM
ONE FOREIGN POLICY
ONE EMBLEM
Distribution and Sharing of Powers

Federal Regional
• National security • Regional elections
• Civil, political, intellectual, Shared • Regional Supreme Court,
property, human rights • Health Metropolitan Trial Courts
• Foreign relations • Licensure of public utilities
• Education
• National elections • Environment • Administration and
• Social Welfare enforcement of Regional
• External trade laws
• Energy
• Citizenship • Regional socio-economic
• Tourism
• Currency/monetary system • Peace & Order planning
• Immigration, extradition • Regional Finance
• Supreme Court decisions • Regional infrastructure
How Will
Federalism Help
The Country?

Let us count the ways… 8


Establishing Powerful
Economic Regions
Federalism is not
simply a ‘political’
undertaking, it is also
an economic effort.
By creating federal regions we shall
immediately establish centers of power,
finance and development throughout the
country.
9
Equalization Fund

An Equalization Fund shall be


established by the Federal Government
to provide more funding support for
those regions in need to accelerate their
development and progress
10
Local Empowerment

Federalism allows regions to exercise right


to self-determination such as to address
their problems based on their own
geographic, cultural, social and economic
conditions
11
Incentives to Live, Work &
Invest Outside Manila
Federalism will promote
economic opportunities in the
regions and provide incentives
for Filipinos to live and work in
regions outside Metro Manila.
More investors may also decide to
put up their businesses outside
Manila thus creating more jobs and
opportunities to attract more people
away from the congested mega
cities.
12
Feasible Solution To The
Mindanao Issues

The creation of the Bangsamoro Regional


Government within a federalist system will
address concerns of our Muslim brothers and
sisters who crave more autonomy over the
governance and administration of Muslim
Mindanao.
13
Decentralization
and Devolution of Powers
Under the unitary system, we
only have one center of power,
finance and development: the
Imperial Metro-Manila.

Under Federalism, more powers are


decentralized and devolved to local
government
14
Federalism on Political
Dynasties
In federalism with a strong political
party system, political dynasties will
become irrelevant. Political leaders
will become more accountable to
their constituents.
Regional governments
will no longer have any
excuse for delays in
services or projects.
15
Power To Collect and Spend Taxes
For Own Development
Right now, local government
units can only collect real
estate taxes and business
permit fees.
In federalism, they can
retain most of their revenue
income collection
And they can spend the money on programs
and policies according to their needs.
16
Proposed Sharing of Revenues
Under the present system, 80% of the revenue
collections goes to the National Government and
only 20% is distributed to Local Government
Units.

In federalism, the
distribution will be
reversed

17
Estimated Sharing of Internal
Revenue Allotment (IRA)
Under Federalism
PROPOSED SHARING
DESCRIPTION PRESENT SHARING UNDER FEDERALISM
% DIFFE-
SAMPLE REVENUE PhP1,000,000,000.00 PhP1,000,000,000.00 RENCE
NATIONAL GOVT
SHARE 60% PhP600,000,000 30% PhP300,000,000 -50%
Regional GOV'T
SHARE   none
21% PhP 210,000,000  
PROVINCIAL GOV'T
SHARE 9.2% PhP92,000,000
CITIES SHARE 9.2% PhP92,000,000 14.6% PhP 146,363,636 +63%
MUNICIPALITIES
SHARE 13.6% PhP136,000,000 21.36% PhP 216,363,636 +63%
BRGY SHARE 8.0% PhP80,000,000 12.72% PhP 127,272,727 +63%

18
Basic Features of Presidential-
Parliamentary Political System
• THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF
GOVERNMENT ARE MERGED. (Reason: The Separation of
Power causes intense rivalry and competition for power
between the executive and legislative in a system that has
turned very adversarial like Congressional Investigations of
executive policies and actions, which unnecessarily delay and
obstruct legislation. )
• THERE SHALL BE A BICAMERAL
LEGISLATIVE BODY. (Senate to act
as Principal Inter-governmental
Institution and there will be two (2)
Senators elected per region).

19
Basic Features, cont’d

• There is a President who will be elected at large and is


nominated by a political party following established
procedures. He shall be the head of the state and
Commander-In-Chief;
• The President shall also have the authority to dissolve
the Parliament under specific circumstances;
• There shall be a Prime Minister (PM) who shall be
nominated by the majority of the members of the
Parliament and appointed by the President. The PM
shall be the head of government and can be removed
by electing a new Prime Minister anytime during the
term.

20
Cabinet Members
• The President appoints the Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Defense and the
military officers with the rank of full
colonel and above.
• Majority of the cabinet members are
chosen by the Prime Minister from
among the members of the
parliament.

21
Proposed Legislative Composition
Legislative Powers Form/ Proposed
Vested Manner of Election Composition
SENATORS WILL BE
1. Members of ELECTED BY REGIONS TWO (2) SENATORS FOR
EVERY REGION AND
Senate and MEMBERS OF MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
Parliament PARLIAMENT SHALL BE BY FOR EVERY LEGISLATIVE
LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS DISTRICTS AND PARTY
AND PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS
PARTY REPRESENTATIONS

UNIICAMERAL / ELECTED COMPOSED OF AT LEAST


2. Regional BY LEGISLATIVE DISTRICTS TWO (2) REPRESENTATIVES
Legislatures FOR EACH DISTRICT

22
Proposed Regional
Governments
It is proposed that there shall be as many federal
regions as there are as many ethno-linguistic
groups in the Philippines.
However, Regional Governments shall be provided
by the Federal Constitution following territorial,
population & GDP requirements to determine
sustainability. A Regional Government may be
formed by at least 3 provinces or highly urbanized
cities provided that it satisfies requirements
provided by the constitution.
Cordillera, Bangsamoro are deemed qualified as
Regional Governments,
23
Other autonomous territories for Indigenous
What Will Happen To The Local Government
Units Under A Federal System?

The local
government units
shall form part of
the Regional
Government.
24
What Will Happen To The Judiciary
Under Federalism?
There shall be a Federal
Supreme Court
Each region shall also
have its own Regional
Supreme Courts and
adopt its judicial
systems
25
Timeline

26
MODE TO REVISE
OUR CONSTITUTION
• CON-ASS or Constituent Assembly,
constituted by the incumbent
Congressmen and Senators

• CON-COM or Constitutional
Commission, which will be
composed by the Men and Women
of integrity, patriotism and experts
in their respective fields whose
members are directly appointed by
the President.
27
Projected Timeline
• It is probable that the constitutional revision shall have
been completed not later than 2018 and submitted to
the people thru a plebiscite by 2019, coinciding with
the Mid-Term National Election;
• From June, 2019 to 2020, sub-national government
units (regions), in accordance with the ratified Federal
Constitution, will make their respective Regional
organic laws, submit for approval to Parliament and
shall be ratified by the people thru a plebiscite

28
The Shift to Federal Republic
of The Philippines
• By 2020 to 2021, the process of effective, actual
transition from unitary to a federal government
should take place.
• On May 2022, we will probably elect the
President of the new Federal Republic of the
Philippines, together with the Members of
Parliament;
• Federal President may be installed on June 30,
2022, and immediately thereafter, the first
Prime Minister and Members of the Cabinet will
be confirmed by the Parliament
29
Thank you!
30

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