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OSI Data Link Layer

This lecture discusses the OSI data link layer. It has two sublayers - the logical link control (LLC) sublayer which identifies packet types, and the media access control (MAC) sublayer which regulates frame placement onto the network media. Physical and logical network topologies are described. The data link layer uses MAC addresses for local frame delivery and includes a frame check sequence to detect transmission errors.

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Josh Lange
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47 views

OSI Data Link Layer

This lecture discusses the OSI data link layer. It has two sublayers - the logical link control (LLC) sublayer which identifies packet types, and the media access control (MAC) sublayer which regulates frame placement onto the network media. Physical and logical network topologies are described. The data link layer uses MAC addresses for local frame delivery and includes a frame check sequence to detect transmission errors.

Uploaded by

Josh Lange
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 7

OSI Data Link Layer


Objectives
Data Link Layer
◦ Logical Link Control (LLC)
◦ Media Access Control (MAC)
Types of media access control
Physical Topology vs. Logical Topology
Logical Link Layer Addressing
◦ Physical address or MAC address
Trailer and Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
Role of OSI Data Link Layer
Prepare network layer packets for
transmission – how to organize data into
frame
◦ Encapsulate packets into frames – the Data
Link lay PDU
Control access to the physical media –
how to transmit frames over a network
◦ Media access control
Data Link Layer
Unlike the upper layer protocols (which
are implemented mostly in software),
Data Link layer processes occur both in
software and hardware
Protocols at this layer are implemented
within the electronic of the network
adapter (e.g., network interface card,
wireless PCMCIA adapter)
Data Link Layer
Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer
◦ Define the software processes that provide
services to the Network layer protocols
◦ Identify the type of packets
Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer
◦ Define the media access processes performed
by the hardware
◦ Regulate the placement of data frames onto
the media – how the nodes share the media
Physical vs. Logical Topology
Network topologies can be viewed at the
physical level and the logical level
Physical topology is an arrangement of
the nodes and the physical connections
between them
Logical topology is the way a network
transfers frames from one node to the next
Physical Topology
Physical topology is the layout that the
network is physically wired
Physical Bus Topology
Bus
◦ Single cable connecting all network nodes
◦ No intervening connectivity devices
One shared communication channel
Passive topology
◦ Node listens for, accepts data
◦ Use broadcast to send
Terminators
◦ 50-ohm resistors, Stops signal at end of wire
Disadvantage
◦ Does not scale well
◦ Difficult to troubleshoot
◦ Not very fault tolerant
Physical Ring Topology
Node connects to nearest two nodes
Circular network
◦ One direction (unidirectional) around ring
Active topology
◦ Workstation participates in data delivery
Disadvantage
◦ Malfunctioning workstation can disable
network
◦ Not flexible or scalable
Physical Star Topology
Node connects through central device
◦ Single cable connects two devices
Requiremore cabling, configuration
Advantage
◦ Fault tolerance
◦ Scalable
Most popular fundamental layout
◦ Ethernet networks based on star topology
Logical Topology
Logical topology specifies how data
actually flow on the network
◦ Logical bus topology
 Signals travel from one device to all others
 Ethernet

◦ Logical ring topology


 Signals follow circular path
 Token ring

◦ Logical star topology


 Transmission is managed by central device
Logical Topology
Most networks (e.g., Ethernet) use the
physical star topology
However, the logical topology might be a
bus, a ring, or a star
Data Link Layer Addressing
Data Link layer provides addressing used
in transporting the frame across media
◦ Physical address or MAC address – used for
only local delivery
 48-bit arranged into 6 groups separated by dash
 Each group consists of two hexadecimal
 5D-EF-10-27-AB-C8
 MAC address is assigned to NIC from its
manufacturer – also called “hardware address”
Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) is used to
determine if errors occurred in the
transmission and reception of the frame
◦ At the source node, Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC) value is calculated based on content of
the frame and placed in FCS
◦ At the destination node, CRC value is also
calculated and compared to the CRC value in
FCS

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