3G BASICS

Jorge E. Telosa, Jr.

Course Outline

1. UMTS Evolution from Previous

Technologies
2. UMTS Architecture
3. UMTS Air Interface
4. UTRAN RRM
5. Related UTRAN Parameters

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UMTS Evolution from
Previous Technologies
UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Evolution from Previous Technologies

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UMTS Architecture
UMTS Architecture

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UMTS Architecture

GERAN CORE Network

Gn Gp/Gi
Gb
to ISP

SGSN Gr GGSN
Abis BSC
Um “PCU”
PS Domain

Asub
Ue TRAU D HLR
A

to GMSC,
PSTN or
MSC/VLR other PLMN
CS Domain

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UMTS Architecture

UTRAN CORE Network

IU ps Gn Gp/Gi
IU b Serving to ISP or
RNC
Uu other
NodeB SGSN Gr GGSN SGSN from
Uu Other
IU r
IU cs PS Domain PLMN

Uu IU b HLR
NodeB

Drift-
IU b RNC
to PSTN or
NodeB other PLMN
3G MSC / UMSC

CS Domain

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UMTS Architecture

Core Network

Iu

RNS RNS
Iur
Serving-RNC Drift-RNC

Iub Iub Iub Iub

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Uu
UE
RNS = Radio Network Subsystem
RNC = Radio Network Controller
UE = User Equipment

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UMTS Architecture

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UMTS Architecture

Functionalities of the Network Entities:

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UMTS Architecture

Functionalities of the Network Entities:

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UMTS Architecture

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UMTS Architecture

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UMTS Air Interface
UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

FDMA

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

Physical Channels

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

Transport Channels

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

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UMTS Air Interface

Logical Channels

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UMTS Air Interface

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UTRAN RRM
UTRAN RRM

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UTRAN RRM

Admission Control

 Decision if incoming new RAB or new Radio link can be

accepted or not
 Decision is based on the available resources in the cell
and the resource requirements of the new RAB
 Admission Control is involved at:
– Radio link setup
– Radio link reconfiguration (up-/downgrading of data rate)
– Radio link release
– Soft/Softer Handover (RL Addition, Deletion, Replacement)
– Transport Channel type switching

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UTRAN RRM

Admission Control

Setup of new bearer Handover of Bearer Release of bearer Measurements

UL load evaluation UL load evaluation Update of UL load RTWP

Transmitted
DL load evaluation DL load evaluation Update of DL load Carrier power

Congestion indication?

Admission / drop

Update of UL/DL load

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UTRAN RRM

 Remark: estimated load is mainly defined

– in UL by UL interference (own/other cell + receiver noise)
– in DL by total DL transmission power

Max. DL load for 100% 100% Max. UL load for

SHO RAB SHO RAB

Cell load (UL)

Cell load (DL)

Max. DL load for Max. UL load for

new RAB new RAB

Common channel
Receiver noise
power

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UTRAN RRM

Congestion Control
 Congestion Control is required to prevent and resolve
unstable states in the system
 First part: System Monitoring and Congestion Detection,
done by measurements of RSSI (UL) and Transmitted
Carrier Power (DL)
 As soon as either maximum UL or DL Congestion
threshold is reached, start measures to reduce
congestion (in UL, or DL respectively)
 Second part: Selection of RABs for
– downgrading (by increasing SF)
– dropping

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UTRAN RRM

Radio Bearer Control

URA change Cell change
max. number
CELL_ URA_ CELL_ of cell updates CELL_ CELL_
FACH PCH FACH PCH FACH

Time to Trigger T
FACH-PCH
and buffer empty
Timeout T , Timeout T ,
URA-Idle PCH-Idle
max. number of Data max. number of
RRC connections RRC connections
Traffic Volume Data
Underflow
CELL_ CELL_ CELL_ CELL_
FACH DCH FACH FACH
Traffic Volume
Overflow
RRC
RRC Setup RRC
Transitions triggered by algorithms
Rel. Rel.
Other protocol transitions

Idle RRC states

Mode Transient state required for signalling

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UTRAN RRM

RRC Connected States

 CELL_FACH
– UE listens to the FACH, and the BCH
– Transmission of data on RACH (UL) / FACH (DL); No DCH; No paging
– CELL_UPDATE when crossing cell boundaries
 CELL_DCH
– DCH allocated
– CELL_UPDATE when crossing cell boundaries
 CELL_PCH
– The UE listens to the PCH and the BCH
– No uplink channels. Only reachable by paging via the PCH
– When crossing a cell boundary, switch to CELL_FACH state for CELL_UPDATE
message
 URA_PCH
– The UE listens to the PCH
– No uplink channels; Only reachable by paging via the PCH
– Current cell position of the UE within URA is not known to UTRAN
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UTRAN RRM

Transport Channel Type Switching

 CELL_DCH to CELL_FACH
– Triggered by Traffic underflow (UL and DL) and timer (“tdch_fach”) expired
 CELL_FACH to CELL_DCH
– Triggered by Traffic overflow (UL or DL) and timer (“tfach_dch)” expired
 CELL_FACH to CELL_PCH
– Empty buffer and timer (“tfach_pch”) expired
 CELL_PCH to CELL_FACH
– Data
 CELL_PCH to URA_PCH (via CELL_FACH)
– Max. cell boundary crossing (“max_ccros”)
 URA_PCH to CELL_FACH
– Data
 CELL_PCH/URA_PCH to Idle
– Timer (“tpch_idle”) or
– maximum number of RRC connections to be released (“mxrrcc_rclp”)
 Idle to CELL_DCH
– Admission control
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UTRAN RRM

 Thresholds and timers from switching between

CELL_FACH and CELL_DCH state and vice versa

Traffic
volume DCH Trigger (measurement report)

Time to trigger tfach_dch

Upper payload threshold (“ul_upt, dl_upt”)

CCH Trigger (measurement report)

Time to trigger tdch_fach Lower payload threshold (“ul_lpt, dl_lpt”)

Time

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UTRAN RRM

Power Control
•DL Common Channel Power Control

•Open Loop PC (part of Access control)

provides a rough initial power setting of the UE at the beginning of a
connection
done by adjusting the UE power based on the measured DL signal
•Closed Loop PC
NodeB measures the SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio) of the dedicated UL
channels, compares them with a target SIR, and orders the UEs to increase or
decrease their power
Two types: Inner Loop PC and Outer Loop PC
(Fast) Inner Loop PC: Controls the powers by comparing received signal SIR
with target SIR
Outer Loop PC: Controls the powers also by adjusting the target SIRs in the
NodeB according to the needs of the individual Radio link

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UTRAN RRM

DL Common Channel Power Control

 Objective is to set the DL Common Channel Powers just
high enough that UE is still able to decode the channels for
successful network access
 DL Common Channels on the physical layer: P-CPICH,
P-CCPCH (= BCH), S-CCPCH (PCH and FACH), P-SCH,
S-SCH, PICH, AICH
 Remark: Names in brackets are the respective transport
channels
 The power levels are cell specific parameters
 Their settings define the cell area
 P-CPICH is set as an absolute value (in dBm). All other
channels are set as relative values to the P-CPICH

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UTRAN RRM

DL Common Channel Power Control

 P-CPICH: Primary CPICH Tx power : Indicates the total

transmitted power of the CPICH (“pwr_pcpit”)
 P-SCH and S-SCH: power offsets to decode CPICH (“po_psch”,
“po_ssch”)
 P-CCPCH: power offset to decode SIBs (“po_bch”)
 AICH: power offset to receive RRC connection request on Iub
(“po_aich”)
 S-CCPCH and PICH: power offsets to receive paging on UE
(“po_pich”, “po_pch, “mfachp”)

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UTRAN RRM

Open Loop Power Control

 Simple algorithm used during the random access process

 RACH uses Open Loop PC to adjust the UE power to a
minimum required level
 Performed by the UE
 UE adjusts its transmission power based on DL NodeB
power
 UE sets first preamble based on DL NodeB power
 UE sends consecutive preambles with increasing power until
the UTRAN receives it and notifies back to the UE (on AICH)

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UTRAN RRM

Inner Loop Power Control

 UL PC
– NodeB estimates received SIR and compares it to target
SIR
• measured SIR > target SIR --> NodeB orders UE to lower its
power
• measured SIR < target SIR --> NodeB orders UE to increase its
power
– Executed at a rate of 1500 times per second for each UE
– performed on DPDCH (dedicated physical data channel)
and DPCCH (dedicated physical control channel)

 DL PC
– performed in the DL in the same way as for UL PC
– performed on DPCH (dedicated physical channel)

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UTRAN RRM

Outer Loop Power Control

 It adjusts the target SIR in the NodeB according to the needs

of the individual Radio link
 Aims at a constant quality (target BER or target BLER) for an
individual Radio link
 Performed in both UL and DL

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

GSM GSM

Intersystem HO:
Triggered by limited
coverage of UMTS

UMTS cells (f1)

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control
 Necessity to perform GSM measurements while holding the
UTRAN connection
 First possibility: UE has dual synthesizer --> no Compressed
Mode necessary
 Second possibility: UE has only one synthesizer and/or
supports only a fixed duplex separation between UL and DL
frequency --> Compressed Mode necessary

 Compressed Mode means that UTRAN transmission on DCH is

periodically interrupted for a short time interval, during which
the UE is able to tune into the GSM frequency
– Inclusion of transmission gaps in “Compressed” frames
– Performance of GSM measurements during these gaps

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UTRAN RRM

One frame Transmission gap available for

(10 ms) inter-frequency measurements
 RNC starts Compressed Mode simultaneously at UE
and Node B
 Compressed Frames either periodically or on demand
 By reducing the SF by a factor of two, the desired
information can be sent during half the time
 In compressed frames transmit power is increased
(~ 3dB) in order to keep quality (BER, FER)
 Inter-System Measurements during Transmission Gaps

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

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UTRAN RRM

Handover Control

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Related UTRAN
Parameters
Cell Data Parameters

cre cell iub cellid=22951 nodebid=0 cellid_lcl=0

uarfcn=9763,10713 max_dltp=43 t_cell=0 sac=22951
rac=20 lac=10015 nwom=md2 atdt=mnd tmr_cspu=180
t312=10 n312=1 t313=15 n313=200 n315=1
id_ura=10015 tpcu=30 t302=4000 n302=3 t307=30
sc_pcpi=176 pwr_pcpit=33 po_bch=-3 po_psch=-3
po_ssch=-3 dclc_utran=7 poffset=40 pwval_max=3
t316=30 t317=180 cio=0 t300=4000 n300=2 t309=5
t314=0 t315=0 sac_cbs=22951 plmn_vt=188 po_thra=0
flag_asup=off t304=1000 n304=1 t308=40 sscode=0

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
External Cell Data Parameters

cre euc mcc=515 mnc=02 rncid=17 cellid=6001

uarfcn=9763,10713 rac=11 lac=10015 sc_pcpi=72
pwr_pcpit=33 maut=24 qqualm=-18 qrxlevmin=-115

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Radio Bearer Control Parameters

cre rbc tfach_dchue=20 tbra_riue=1280 tbra_rdue=2560

tdch_fachr=0 tfach_pchr=300 tpch_idler=7200
thsdsch_fach=0 ulbra_ript=4K ulbra_rdpt=128
ul_fdpt=1024 dl_upt=1024 max_ccros=20 srbr=13.6
dch_inact=true ch_nonrab=dedc ch_ibrab=dedc
ini_pib=64_64 t_strminact=0 flag_preempt=false

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Congestion Control Parameters

cre cell cctl cellid=22951 nodebid=0 ul_cngt=62

ul_cngh=2 dl_cngt=0.9 dl_cngh=0.07 mmti_rtwbp=10
mmti_tcp=10 k=3 ebd=dis etpchr=dis peri_cngh=1
mmfc_rtwp=2 mmfc_tcrp=2 cc_emg=false

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Admission Control Parameters

cre cell adc cellid=22951 nodebid=0 w_ulscf=1

mul_ncrb=2 mulfnsrb=2 mdlp_ncrb=1 mdlp_nsrb=1
mulfshrls=2 mdlp_shrls=1 mul_npirb=2#2
mdlp_npirb=2#1.77 mul_npbrb=2#2 mdlp_npbrb=2#1.77
mul_nrbi=2 mdlp_nrbi=1 mul_emg=2 mdlp_emg=2
min_sf=8 ulpol_comm=0.5 dlpol_comm=0.5 inv_ulscf=0.5
inv_dlscf=1.5 inv_thrmns=-105 w_dlscf=1 mmfc_rtwp=2
mmfc_tcrp=2 minsf_hsdpa=8 actrc_hsdpa=8

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Intrafrequency Handover Control Parameters

cre ifmrms ftce=3 mmq=ecn0 actset=3 rng_repo1a=5

ofs_reporng=0 w1a=0 hyst1a=2 tmtrg1a=640 ramnt1a=2
rintvl1a=1000 rng_repo1b=5 w1b=0 hyst1b=2
tmtrg1b=640 hyst1c=3 tmtrg1c=640 ramnt1c=2
rintvl1c=1000 hyst1d=6 tmtrg1d=640

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Restriction Control Parameters

cre rsta thr1=83 thr_rs1=78 thr2=93 thr_rs2=88 rr1=80

rr2=100 cgc=01 peri=6

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Intersystem Handover Control
Parameters

cre ishc mq_fqe=rscp ftce=0 thruf_2dug=-94 wuf_2dug=0

hyst_2dug=0 tmtrg_2dug=640 thruf_2f=-91 wuf_2f=0
hyst_2f=0 tmtrg_2f=640 mq_uqe=rscp ftce_utran=0
ftce_gsm=0 bsic_veri=rqr cco_alwd=true thrown_3a=-97
throth_3a=-90 w_3a=0 hyst_3a=0 tmtrg_3a=320

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Related UTRAN
Parameters
Buffer Utilization Parameters

cre bumi avgperi=1000 uthr_incr=80 uthr_decr=20

tmtrg_incr=3 tmtrg_decr=3 ptrg_incr=1000
ptrg_decr=1000

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