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Annotation of Morga S

This document outlines a learning session about Jose Rizal's annotations to Antonio de Morga's "Successos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609". The session aims to analyze Rizal's ideas on rewriting Philippine history and compare his views to Morga's views on Filipinos and culture. It provides context on Morga as a Spanish historian and details on Rizal meticulously annotating Morga's book in London to rectify falsifications and bring Filipinos out of ignorance. Key annotations from Rizal pointing out advanced Filipino civilization and Spanish atrocities are summarized.

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Niño Dwayne Tubo
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14K views15 pages

Annotation of Morga S

This document outlines a learning session about Jose Rizal's annotations to Antonio de Morga's "Successos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609". The session aims to analyze Rizal's ideas on rewriting Philippine history and compare his views to Morga's views on Filipinos and culture. It provides context on Morga as a Spanish historian and details on Rizal meticulously annotating Morga's book in London to rectify falsifications and bring Filipinos out of ignorance. Key annotations from Rizal pointing out advanced Filipino civilization and Spanish atrocities are summarized.

Uploaded by

Niño Dwayne Tubo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Annotation of Antonio

Morga’s Sucesos de las


Islas Filipinas
Learning Outcomes
EXPECTED OUTCOMES: SESSION OUTLINE:
At the end of this session, the student 1. Rizal’s Annotations to Morga’s
is expected to: “Successos de las Islas Filipinas,
1. Analyze Rizal’s ideas on how to 1609”
rewrite Philippine history; and
2. Compare and contrast Rizal and
Morga’s different views about
Filipinos and Philippine culture.

2
Ignorance is servitude, because as a
man thinks, so he is; a man who does
not think for himself and allows
himself to be guided by the thought of
another is like the beast led by a
halter.
– Jose Rizal

3
Dr. Antonio
Morga
And his “Sucesos”
Dr. Antonio and his “Sucesos”
✣ Antonio de Morga (1559-1636) was a Spanish historian and
lawyer and a notable colonial official for 43 years in the
Philippines, New Spain, and Peru.
✣ He stayed in the Philippines, then a colony of Spain, from 1594
to 1604.
✣ As Deputy Governor in the Philippines, he re-established the
Audiencia and took over the function of judge (“oidor”).

5
Antonio de Morga

Antonio de Morga
(1559-1636):
-Author of Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (1609)

Maxrialto.wordpress.com

6
Dr. Antonio and his “Sucesos”

✣ When reassigned to Mexico, he published the book Sucesos de las Islas


Filipinas in 1609, considered one of the most significant works on the
early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines.
✣ The history is said to cover the years from 1493 to 1603. discussions deal
with the political, social and economic phases of life of both natives and
their colonizers.
✣ On the dedication page, Morga writes: “…this small book…is a faithful
narrative, devoid of any artifice and ornament...regarding the discovery,
conquest and conversion of the Philippine Islands, together with the
various events in which they have taken part…specifically describing
their original condition…”

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Rizal’s Annotation of the Book

✣ He did not believe the colonizers’ claim that they sociologically


improved the islands; instead, Rizal supposed that the Spanish
colonization somewhat result in the deterioration of the
Philippine’s rich culture and tradition.
✣ In 1888-1889, Rizal largely spent his many months of stay in
London at the British Museum, copying and annotating this rare
book available in the library.

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Rizal’s Annotation of the Book

✣ Rizal meticulously annotated every chapter of the Sucesos, commenting


even on Morga’s typographical errors.
✣ He provided enlightenment on every statement, which he believed
misrepresenting the local’s cultural practices.
✣ For instance, Morga describes on page 248 the culinary of the ancient
Philippine natives by recording: “They prefer to eat salt fish which begin
to decompose and smell.” Rizal’s annotative footnote explains: “This is
another preoccupation of the Spaniards who, like any other nation in the
matter of food, loathe that to which they are not accustomed or is
unknown to them”.

9
Some Important Annotations
✣ Austin Craig (1872-1949), an early biographer of Rizal,
translated into English some of the more important of Rizal’s
annotations in the Sucesos:
⨳ The civilization of the pre-Spanish Filipinos in regard to the duties of life
for that age was well advanced as the Morga history shows in its eighth
chapter.
⨳ The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more
Filipino blood. It will be seen later on in Morga that with the Spaniards and
on behalf of Spain there were always more Filipinos fighting than
Spaniards.

10
Some Important Annotations
⨳ Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other
implements of warfare. Their prized krises and kampilans for their magnificent
temper are worthy of admiration and some of them are richly damascend. Their coats
of mail and helmets, of which there are specimens in various European museums,
attest their great advancement in this industry.
⨳ The image of the Holy Child of Cebu, which many religious writers believed was
brought to Cebu by the angels, was in fact given by the worthy Italian chronicler of
Magellan’s expedition, the Chevalier Pigafetta, to the Cebuano queen.
⨳ The southern islands, the Bisayas, were also called “The land of the painted People
(or Pintados in Spanish), because the natives had their bodies decorated with tracings
made with fire, somewhat like tattooing.

11
Some Important Annotations
⨳ “The Spaniards,” says Morga, “were accustomed to hold as slaves such
natives as they bought and others that they took in the forays in the
conquest or pacification of the islands.”
⨳ Consequently in this respect the “pacifiers” introduced no moral
improvement. We even do not know if in their wars the Filipinos used to
make slaves of each other, though that would not have been strange, for the
chroniclers tell of captives returned to their own people. The practice of the
Southern pirates, almost proves this, although in these piratical wars the
Spaniards were the first aggressors and gave them their character.

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The Value of Rizal’s Annotation

Sketch the present state and established the Rectify what has been FALSIFIED OR IS
existence of the SOCIAL CANCER CALUMNY

And make sure that Filipinos will no longer be born and


brought up in IGNORANCE

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Suggested Further readings
✣ Blumentritt, F. (1962). Prologue to Jose Rizal, Annotated Copy of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos
de las Islas Filipinas. Manila: National Centennial Commision.
✣ Ocampo, A. (1998). “Rizal’s Morga and views of Philippine History” in Philippine Studies vol.
46 no.2
✣ Rizal, J. (1962). Historical events of the Philippines Islands by Dr. Antonio de Morga, annotated
by Jose Rizal, preceded by a prologue by Dr. Ferdinand Blumetritt. Manila: Jose Rizal National
Centennial Commission.

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Thanks!
Any questions?
Comment down below.

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