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Week 8 - Powerpoint Issues On Artificial Reproduction, Its Morality and

This document discusses several issues relating to artificial reproduction including artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and surrogate motherhood. It addresses the morality and ethics of these practices for both individuals and medical professionals. Specifically, it examines concerns around donor screening, risks of incest, embryo discarding, surrogate rights and responsibilities, and issues of social justice when access is limited.

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Arlynn Faith Cabrera
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5K views

Week 8 - Powerpoint Issues On Artificial Reproduction, Its Morality and

This document discusses several issues relating to artificial reproduction including artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and surrogate motherhood. It addresses the morality and ethics of these practices for both individuals and medical professionals. Specifically, it examines concerns around donor screening, risks of incest, embryo discarding, surrogate rights and responsibilities, and issues of social justice when access is limited.

Uploaded by

Arlynn Faith Cabrera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Issues on Artificial Reproduction,

its Morality and Ethico-moral


Responsibility of Nurses
 A RT I F I C I A L I N S E M I N AT I O N
 I N - V I T R O F E RT I L I Z AT I O N
 S U R R O G AT E M O T H E R H O O D
Objectives:
1. Students identify the different issues on artificial
reproduction, its morality and ethico-moral responsibility
and apply the concepts of the different ethical issues in
specific scenarios.
Surrogate Mother:

A woman who bears a child on behalf of a couple unable to have a


child, either by artificial insemination from the man or implantation
of an embryo from the woman.
Focus Question:

Is Surrogate Motherhood an acceptable method of conception for infertile


couples?
Artificial Insemination and the General Problems of Assisted Reproduction

• This involves harvesting sperm and inserting it into the woman’s vagina by means of
a syringe.
• Artificial Insemination by Donor and the Unmarried Mother
• When the mother is not married, there can be questions as to whether it is good to deliberately
bring a child into a one-parent family.

• Artificial Insemination by Donor and Screening


• The health history of the donor should be an important part of the screening process when
considering donation.
Concealing the Donors
• Some governments have provided that when the husband agrees to the donor insemination,
there can be no paternity suit against the donor.

• Artificial Insemination by Donor and the Danger of Incest


• When the sperm of a particular donor is used frequently in the same geographic area,
particularly in small areas, a danger of incest with attendant genetic problems is created.
• The American Medical Association rules that physicians must take steps ‘limiting the number
of pregnancies resulting form a single donor’
IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Also known as test tube fertilization – is used when for one reason or another the ovum of the woman
cannot descend through the oviduct in order to be fertilized.
• It involves treating the woman with hormones to stimulate the production of the ova, taking the ova by
a surgical procedure and taking sperm from the husband or donor and bringing them together in a Petri
dish.
• The Discard Problem
• Arises from the fact that, in pioneering days of the procedure, fertilized eggs when not introduced
to the woman were either discarded or used for experimentation.
• If you follow that belief that it becomes a life upon conception, this idea holds on that discarding
would be considered abortion and experimentation would be human experimentation on an
unwilling patient – both of which have ethical issues.
• Rates of success
• There is a wide variety of success rates. A couple has the right to the accurate information about the success rate of
the institution and physician whom they are dealing with.

• Frozen Embryos, Sperm Banks, and Social Issues


• Embryos are often frozen at the time of in vitro. The frozen embryos are a reserve that can be used to avoid
subjecting a woman to another surgical procedure if the first in vitro fertilization is not a success.
• It can be used as a back up or by people who wish to postpone reproduction for some time but worry that as they
age, they will no longer be able to naturally produce a child.

• Risk to the Mother and Child


• Risks to the mother include risks with hormone treatment, risks with the surgery, anesthesia, damage to the uterus,
etc.
• Risks to the child are still largely unknown.
SURROGATE MOTHERS
• This is when you perform in vitro fertilization and then implant the fertilized egg in the uterus of
another woman, who will carry and deliver the baby and allow the baby to be adopted by the couple
who supplied the egg and sperm.

• Responsibility for the Child


• Issues can arise in situations where an agreement is made, but when the child is born, the parents intending to
adopt do not wish to anymore, leaving the surrogate with a child that they may not want.
• Laws need to be made more clear to mitigate these issues.

• Rights of the Surrogate


• Consideration must be given to the surrogate. If the surrogate decides they do not wish to give up the child, the
issue of blackmail or coercion can arise in an attempt to get surrogate to give up the child.
• Laws need to exists to protect the surrogate in this case.
THE CHARGE OF ARTIFICIALITY
• Those who condemn the new reproduction methods as artificial do so because they believe it is
inherently evil.

• Artificiality and the Family


• A social structure in society demonstrates several different forms of the family
• Nuclear family: mother, father, child
• Corporate family
• Extended family
• Kibbutz or single-parent family

• When faced with a modest problem of a couple’s infertility, the question then becomes the force of
our ethical position in the face of a medically correctable condition.
• We tend to look at the family situation when making decisions, 2 parents vs. 1 parent, etc.
THE ETHICS OF HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS

• The health care provider should do what is medically indicated given the consent of the patient.

• When people want alternative modes of reproduction out of convenience then the issue of ethics
comes up.

• Performing an operation to procure eggs for in vitro when no health problem exists does not meet the
requirements of proportionality for a health care provider.

• It is not ethical for health care providers to facilitate adultery.

• Health Care providers would be unethical if they aided in the reproductive activities of people who
are unfit to be parents.
A Question of Distributive Justice
• The new modes of reproduction involve more risks to children and society.

• They cost money and use scarce health care resources.

• Since these modes are not generally covered by health insurances, they are limited
to those in society that are economically comfortable.

• This raises the question of social or distributive justice

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