SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT GOALS
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
January 2016 - 2030

Global Goals

“Universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and

ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity”

17 Goals

Follow up to Millennium Development Goals (8; 2000 – 2015)

Include new areas such as Climate change, economic inequality etc.

Interconnected – Achieving one goal depends on tackling issues

involved in another goal

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal-1: NO POVERTY

End Poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal-2: ZERO HUNGER

Achieve food security and improved nutrition and

promote sustainable agriculture

Goal-3: GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Ensure healthy lives and promote well being for all at all ages

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal-4: QUALITY EDUCATION

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education

Promote lifelong learning opportunities

Goal-5: GENDER EQUALITY

Empower all women and girls

Goal-6: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Ensure availability and sustainable management

of water and sanitation for all

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal-7: AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable

and modern energy for all

Goal-8: DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth

Goal-9: INDUSTRY, INNOVATION & INFRASTRUCTURE

Build resilient infrastructure

Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and
innovation

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal-10: REDUCED INEQUALITIES

Reduce inequalities within and among countries

Goal-11: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

Make cities and human settlements inclusive,

safe, resilient and sustainable

Goal-12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Goal-13: CLIMATE ACTION

Take urgent actions to combat climate change and its impacts

Goal-14: LIFE BELOW WATER

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and

Marine resources for sustainable development

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Goal-15: LIFE ON LAND

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of

Terrestrial eco systems

Sustainably manage forests

Combat desertification

Halt and reverse land degradation

Halt biodiversity loss

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Goal-16: PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable

development

Goal-17: PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize

Global partnerships for sustainable development

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
 Goal-6: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Ensure availability and sustainable management

of water and sanitation for all

Goal-17: PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize

Global partnerships for sustainable development

Source: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
• Environmental Engineers: New Technology Development for
water and wastewater treatment, River water quality
• Hydraulic Engineers: Efficient irrigation methods, Reduction in
Water Leakage, flood protection
• Water Resources Systems Engineers: Systems thinking,
optimal design, evaluation of plans, Decision support systems
• Ecologists: Effect on ecology / Environmental flows
• Social Scientists: Which plan is socially acceptable, help in
making policy framework
• Economists: Of Course!!!
• Stake holders: Involve them and make them an integral part
Stakeholder Area of interest

Politicians Provision of basic services; job creation

City officials Costs / ease of maintenance

Private developers Increased profit / public image

Community groups Job creation; public health / safety

Environmental groups Protection of environment

Individuals Additional costs/ benefits per household

Brundtland Commission of the UN on March 20, 1987: “sustainable
development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Adams, W.M. (2006). 

"The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development
in the Twenty-first Century."
 Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting, 29–31 January 2006.
How does one say one plan is more
sustainable than other?

Measures of Sustainability?

Sustainability Indices??
SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS

Help in converting the general concept of sustainability into

action items

They tell us how to measure the concept

Many different indicators, leading to much confusion

Not yet very effective in influencing either the practice or policy

Daly Rule’s Approach (Based on the work by Nicholas G-R)

These define the condition of Ecological Sustainability

• Do not use renewable resources (Ex: fish, groundwater etc.) at a

rate faster than that at which they regenerate

• Do not use nonrenewable resources (Ex: fossil fuels) at a rate

faster than the rate at which corresponding renewable
substitutes for them can be put into place

• Do not emit pollution and wastes at a rate faster than the rate at
which natural systems can absorb / recycle / render them
harmless.

These rules are thought to be most direct way of translating Bruntland

Definition into operation
SUSTAINABILITY INDEX (Brown & Ulgiati, 1997)

Based on the concept of EMERGY (Embodied Energy)

Odum (1956): Gave a procedure for accounting for Emergy

SUSTAINABILITY INDEX (Brown & Ulgiati, 1997)
Thermodynamic concept

Available energy of one kind that is used up in transformations

directly and indirectly to make a product or service.

An expression of all the energy used in the work processes that

generate a product or service in units of one type of energy.

Measures quality differences between forms of energy.

Accounts for different forms of energy and resources (e.g.

sunlight, water, fossil fuels, minerals, etc.)

Each form of energy is generated by transformation processes in

nature and each has different ability to support work in natural
and human dominated systems.
Sunlight equivalent to organic matter = 1000 solar kilocalories per
kilocalories of organic matter.
SUSTAINABILITY INDEX (Brown & Ulgiati, 1997)

ESI = (Emergy Yield Ratio) / (Environmental Loading Ratio)

Considers: yield, renewability and environmental load

EYR: Total Emergy used up per unit of emergy invested = (N+R+F+S)/(F+S)

ELR: Total non-renewable and imported emergy used up per unit of local
renewable resource = (N+F+S)/R

N : Nonrenewable
R : Local Renewable Resource
F: Imported resource
S: Services
Ecological Footprint Approach

Tracks the amount of land and water area that is

needed by a human population to produce the
resources the population consumes and to
absorb its waste

Compare the above to available bio-capacity (the

area able to regenerate resources and assimilate
waste)
 Other Indicators

Anthropological-Cultural Approach (Lempert & Nguyen, 2008)

Sustainability Dashboard (IISD for UN-DSD)

Life Cycle Assessment

S. Sandoval-Solis, D.C. McKinney and D.P. Loucks,

“Sustainability index for Water Resources Planning and Management”
ASCE, JWRPM, October 2011, pp. 381