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The Microscope: Mr. Ryan 6 Grade

The document discusses the history and components of the microscope. It explains that while lenses were used over 1000 years ago to magnify objects, the first compound microscope was created in the 1590s in Holland. It then describes the key parts of a microscope including the objective lenses, ocular lens, stage, light source, and how changing the lenses allows for different magnifications. It concludes with tips for properly using and caring for a microscope.

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William Abdallah
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views

The Microscope: Mr. Ryan 6 Grade

The document discusses the history and components of the microscope. It explains that while lenses were used over 1000 years ago to magnify objects, the first compound microscope was created in the 1590s in Holland. It then describes the key parts of a microscope including the objective lenses, ocular lens, stage, light source, and how changing the lenses allows for different magnifications. It concludes with tips for properly using and caring for a microscope.

Uploaded by

William Abdallah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Microscope

Mr. Ryan
6th Grade
The History
• Many people experimented with making
microscopes

• Was the microscope originally made by


accident? (Most people were creating
telescopes)

• The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!

• The Greeks & Romans used “lenses” to


magnify objects over 1000 years ago.
The History
• Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland
in the 1590’s created the “first”
compound microscope
• Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert
Hooke made improvements by working
on the lenses

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek Hooke Microscope Robert Hooke


1632-1723 1635-1703
The History

Zacharias Jansen The “First” Microscope


1588-1631
How a Microscope Works
Convex Lenses are
curved glass used to
make microscopes
(and glasses etc.)

Convex Lenses bend


light and focus it in
one spot.
How a Microscope Works
Ocular Lens
Objective Lens
(Magnifies Image)
(Gathers Light,
Magnifies
And Focuses Image
Body Tube Inside Body Tube)
(Image Focuses)

•Bending Light: The objective (bottom) convex lens


magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside the
body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens of a
microscope magnifies it (again).
The Parts of a Microscope
Ocular Lens

Body Tube

Nose Piece
Arm
Objective
Lenses
Stage
Stage
Clips
Coarse Adj.

Diaphragm Fine Adjustment

Light Source
Base

Skip to Magnification Section


Body Tube
• The body tube holds the objective
lenses and the ocular lens at the proper
distance

Diagram
Nose Piece
• The Nose Piece holds the objective
lenses and can be turned to increase
the magnification

Diagram
Objective Lenses
• The Objective Lenses increase
magnification (usually from 10x to 40x)

Diagram
Stage Clips
• These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in
place on the stage.

Diagram
Diaphragm
• The Diaphragm controls the amount of
light on the slide/specimen

Turn to let more light in or to


make dimmer.

Diagram
Light Source
• Projects light upwards through the
diaphragm, the specimen and the
lenses
• Some have lights, others have mirrors
where you must move the mirror to
reflect light

Diagram
Ocular Lens/Eyepiece
• Magnifies the specimen image

Diagram
Arm
• Used to support the microscope when
carried. Holds the body tube, nose
piece and objective lenses

Diagram
Stage
• Supports the slide/specimen

Diagram
Coarse Adjustment Knob
• Moves the stage up and down (quickly)
for focusing your image

Diagram
Fine Adjustment Knob
• This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY
to sharpen the image

Diagram
Base
• Supports the microscope

Diagram
Magnification
Magnification
• To determine your magnification…you
just multiply the ocular lens by the
objective lens
• Ocular 10x Objective 40x:10 x 40 = 400
So the object is 400 times “larger”

Objective Lens have


their magnification
written on them.

Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x


Caring for a Microscope
• Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue

• Make sure it’s on a flat surface

• Don’t bang it

• Carry it with 2 HANDS…one on the arm


and the other on the base
Carry a Microscope Correctly
Using a Microscope
• Start on the lowest magnification
• Don’t use the coarse adjustment knob
on high magnification…you’ll break the
slide!!!
• Place slide on stage and lock clips
• Adjust light source (if it’s a mirror…don’t
stand in front of it!)
• Use fine adjustment to focus
References
• http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons1_i.htm
• Google Images
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1.htm
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