ASET

Lecture 1

Introduction to Data
Communication

Module 1
 Data Communication ASET

• Data Communications are the exchange of data between two

devices via some form of transmission medium.
Protocol Protocol
Rules Rules
. .
. .
. Message .

Transmission Medium

Receiver
Sender
 ASET

Components of Data Communication

1. Message: data.
2. Sender: The device that send the message.
3. Receiver: The device that receive the message.
4. Transmission Medium: The physical path between
sender and receiver, the message travel.
5. Protocol: Protocol is a set of rules that governs data
communication. It represents an agreement between
the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two
devices may be connected but not communicating.
 ASET
Data Communication Characteristics

1. Delivery: The system must deliver data to the correct

destination.
2. Accuracy:
 Data delivered accurately.
 Altered data which left uncorrected are unusable.
3. Timelines:
The system must deliver data in timely manner without delay
(real-time).
 Data Flow in Communication ASET

• Simplex: one direction only.

Remote Control TV

• Always one side sender and another side

receiver.
 Data Flow in Communication ASET

• Half-Duplex: two-way alternate.

Walki-Talki

In different time

• Each side maybe sender or receiver but not a same

time.
 Data Flow in Communication ASET
cont.
• Duplex: two-way concurrent.
Computer network

At same time

Mobile Network

• Each side sender and receiver at same time.

 Network ASET

 A Network is a set of node connect together by

communication link to share the resources and to transmit the
information.

 Node: Computer, Printer, Scanner, Software , PDA, etc.

 Information: text, voice, picture, etc.
 Network Services ASET

 Sharing (file, printer, application).

 Internet browsing.
 Fax Service.
 Telephony.
 Conferencing.
 Database.
 Backup.
 Etc……..
 Network Components ASET

 Transmission media (wired, wireless ).

 Network Operating System (NOS).

 Network Interface Card (NIC).

 Network Hardware:-
1. Hubs.
2. Switches.
3. Routers.
4. Gateways.
5. Access Point.
6. Repeaters.
 Network Classification ASET

• Upon the transmission medium (type of connection):-

1. Point-to-point:

2. Multipoint:
 Point-to-Point ASET

• A pair of nodes connected together via dedicated link.

PC Link PC
 Multipoint ASET

• Number of node connected and share a single link.

PC PC PC

Link

Server
 Network Classification ASET

Upon the scale (size):-

1. PAN (Personal Area Network).
2. LAN (Local Area Network).
3. CAN (Campus Area Network).
4. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
5. WAN (Wide Area Network).
 PAN (Personal Area Network) ASET

• PAN is a short-distance network design to individual user

(person).

• PAN may be contain:- printer, mobile, computer, wireless

printers , PDA, etc.

• components of PAN connected together via Bluetooth , USB

cable ,IrDA (infrared), etc.
 PAN cont. ASET

Bluetooth

Wireless Printer
able IrDA
SBC
U

Scanner

PDA
 LAN (Local Area Network) ASET

• A LAN is a group of node connected together in a small

specific area.

• LAN may be contain workstations, computers, scanner,

printers, servers, etc.
LAN cont. ASET

Floor 4

………..

Floor 3

…….………..

Floor 2

Floor 1
 CAN (Campus Area Network) ASET

• A CAN is a group of interconnection LAN within limited

geographical area.

• A CAN using in school campus, military base, university

campus ,etc.
 CAN cont. ASET

ABS

University library

ASET
 ASET

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

• A MAN is a large computer network uses to connect between
LAN in different location (cities).

• A MAN is a group of node connect together over city.

 MAN cont. ASET

CAN 4
Connect different branch
LAN 1 location in city

LAN 3
LAN 2
 WAN (Wide Area Network) ASET

• A WAN is a computer network that covers large geographical

area.

• WANs are used to connect types of networks together.

WAN cont. ASET
 ASET

WAN

MAN

CAN

LAN

PAN
 Network Criteria ASET

 A network must be able to meet a certain number of

criteria.
 The most important of these are Performance, Reliability,
and Security.
Data communication
network criteria

Performance Reliability Security

 Network Criteria ASET

Performance:
 The performance of network depends on a number of
factors:
Number of users
Type of transmission medium
Hardware
Software.
 The performance is evaluate by two networking metric :
Throughput and Delay.
 Network Criteria ASET

Reliability:
The network reliability is measured by the frequency of failure,
(the time it takes a link to recover from of failure).

In addition to accuracy of delivery, network reliability is

measured by

1. Frequency of failure

2. Recovery time of a network after a failure

 Network Criteria cont. ASET

• Security:
Network security include protecting data from unauthorized
access, protecting data from damage, and write policies and
implementing it for security issues.
 Network Modes ASET

• Unicast Mode : Single source send to single node.

one-to-one
 Network Modes cont. ASET

• Multicast Mode : Single source send to specific nodes

(group) that are connected to same Network.

one-to-many
 Network Modes cont. ASET

 Broadcast Mode : Single source send to all others node that

are connected to same Network

one-to-all
 Network Software ASET

• Protocol Hierarchies
• Design Issues for the Layers
• Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
• Service Primitives
• The Relationship of Services to Protocols
 Network Software ASET
Protocol Hierarchies

• Layers, protocols, and interfaces.

 Reference Models ASET

• The OSI Reference Model

• The TCP/IP Reference Model
• A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP
• A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols
• A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model
OSI Reference Models ASET
 Reference Models (2) ASET

• The TCP/IP reference model.

 Hybrid Model ASET

• The hybrid reference model .