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Nano Composite

The document discusses a graphene oxide nanocomposite coating for pipelines. The coating aims to address issues like surface friction, corrosion, biofouling and scaling that cause losses in pipes. A graphene oxide/polymer nanocomposite coating is prepared by dispersing graphene oxide in a polymer matrix. Key benefits of the coating include corrosion resistance, rapid curing, reduced surface friction and anti-biofouling properties. The coating can be applied inside pipes using pigging technology and provides benefits like lowered power consumption and reduction in head losses within pipelines.

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66 views

Nano Composite

The document discusses a graphene oxide nanocomposite coating for pipelines. The coating aims to address issues like surface friction, corrosion, biofouling and scaling that cause losses in pipes. A graphene oxide/polymer nanocomposite coating is prepared by dispersing graphene oxide in a polymer matrix. Key benefits of the coating include corrosion resistance, rapid curing, reduced surface friction and anti-biofouling properties. The coating can be applied inside pipes using pigging technology and provides benefits like lowered power consumption and reduction in head losses within pipelines.

Uploaded by

nandan ak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

1

NANOCOMPOSITE COATING
FOR PIPELINES

Presentation by : NANDAN A K
Guided by : Prof. Sheena Hassan, 51
Civil Department S5C1
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION NANOCOMPOSITES
FACTORS CAUSING LOSS IN GRAPHENE OXIDE
PIPES COATING
• SURFACE FRICTION KEY BENEFITS OF COATING
• CORROSION IN PIPELINES
CONCLUSIONS
PROBLEMS WITH EPOXY
COATING REFERENCES

2
INTRODUCTION
Requirements of an Ideal Water Supply System

• Uncompromised water quality.


• Supply of water at all the intended places
• Sufficient pressure head.
• Durability
• Minimal repair and maintenance works during its lifetime.
• Fair water-tightness to minimise leakage losses.

3
FACTORS CAUSING LOSSES IN PIPES

1. Surface friction

2. Corrosion

3. Biofouling

4. Scaling

4
SURFACE FRICTION
•  Loss of pressure or “head”
•  Occurs in pipe flow due to the
effect of viscosity near the surface.
• Loss is proportional to length of
pipe.

Effect of surface roughness


Source : Getty images 5
CORROSION IN PIPELINES
•  Natural deterioration of material.

• Caused by reactions of pipeline


materials with their environment.

• Causes extensive damage to


pipeline Source : croberts.com

 Head loss ‘h’ /2g


• Excessive velocity and sudden
V - velocity of flow
changes in direction (turns, K -co-efficient of pipe fittings
elbows) cause corrosion g - acceleration due to gravity

6
CORROSION IN PIPELINES

Natural deterioration and destruction of material.


Caused by electrochemical and other reactions with environment.
E.g. :- Rusting in metal pipes.

Effects of rusting

• Premature failure of plumbing systems.


• Stained fixtures and potential odors.
• Poisoning of water. Process of rusting
Source : Getty images
7
CORROSION IN PIPELINES
Impacts of pipeline corrosion

• Corrosion leads to leakage which in turn causes


contamination of water.
• Loss of water
• Economic loss – Annual loss due to corrosion in
India is 4.2% of GDP (Report by NACE in 2019)

Corroded pipeline

Source : sbmech.com

8
CORROSION IN PIPELINES

Source : Times of India


(Date : 20th December,2018)

Source : Times of India


(Date : 4th July,2019) 9
BIOFOULING
• Unwanted deposition and growth of biofilms

• Occurs almost anywhere water is present

• Bacterial (phylum Proteobacteria) adsorption


on pipe surfaces

• Increases boundary shear by varying surface


roughness.

• Leads to high frictional resistance, energy


loss and head loss
Source : Researchgate.net
10
BIOFOULING

• Reduction in flow rate of up to


22%
• Increase in pipe’s self-cleansing
requirements.

Bio-fouled pipe section


Source : emec.org.uk 11
SCALING
 Caused due to high levels of minerals
like calcium carbonate in water.
Coating of pipe surface with minerals.
Effects of scaling
• Weakening of pipe walls
• Reduction in available cross-section area
of flow
Flow rate Q = Area (A) * Velocity (V)
Reduced area →low flow rate Scaled pipe
Source : Getty images

• Increase in pipe wall friction. 


12
PROBLEMS WITH EPOXY COATING

• Less Durability
• Delamination- leads to corrosion and
increase in drag
• Longer curing period – 48 hours
• allow electrolytes to penetrate through the film
and reach the coating-metal interface
• Brittle coatings Delamination
Source : sagewater.com
• Considerable decrease in effective pipe
diameter

13
NANOCOMPOSITES
Nanoparticles: Particle of any shape with dimensions in the  10−9 and
10−7 m range (definition by IUPAC)
• Feature: extremely high surface to volume ratio
• Differ in properties from bulk matter

Nanocomposites : materials that incorporate nanosized particles into a


matrix of standard material.
• Addition of nanoparticles improve:        
• Mechanical properties ( strength, modulus of elasticity and dimensional stability)
•   Electrical conductivity
• Toughness (1000 times than the bulk component materials).

14
NANOCOMPOSITES

Graphene-Oxide (GO) nanocomposite

• Composition :- Carbon and oxygen in


the ratio 2:1
• Preparation :- Reaction of natural
graphite with strong
oxidizers[Hummer’s process].

• Used as nanofiller.
• Dispersion of GO in polymers create
Structure of graphene and GO
effective coatings.
Source : Getty images 15
GRAPHENE OXIDE COATING

Preparation of graphene oxide/urushiol-formaldehyde polymer


(GO/UFP) coating

• Prepared by solution blending method 


• Dispersion of 3.0 wt.% of GO in 10 mL of xylene solvent for 120 min gives
uniform dispersion.
• 10.0 g of UFP (UFP:GO, 100:3) was added into the GO suspension.
• Mixing of solution at room temperature by a mechanical stirrer at
1000 rpm/min until a uniform dope solution was obtained.
• Liquid composite coatings were poured and painted on clean dried tinplate by
roll coating method.
16
GRAPHENE OXIDE COATING

Mechanical stirring

17
FEATURES OF COATING

GO molecules aggregate on the


polymer chain
Prevents diffusion of oxygen and
water molecules to the coated
surface.

Forms an impermeable barrier.


Hydrophobic in nature
Adhesion resistance to bacteria Source : high-tech.dimecc.com
(a) Polymer chain
(b) Graphene oxide
(c) Graphene polymer nanocomposite
18
PROPERTIES OF COATING

Corrosion resistance:-Active
repulsion of corrosive species.

Rapid curing :- 12-24 hours

Surface friction resistance:-


Lubricating effect of graphene and
hydrophobic nature

Anti-biofouling action :- Adhesion


resistance to bacteria
Source : dragxsurfaces.com 19
PROCESS OF COATING
Applied inside pipes by pigging

Step 1 : Cleaning of inner wall

• Scraper Pigs are used


• Launched from one end using launcher
,caught at other with receiver trap
• Propulsion using compressed air or water
• Pigs remove foreign debris, bio fouled
material and scales.
Pig used in pipelines
Source : wermac.org 20
PROCESS OF COATING
• Step 2 : Coating of composite layer

Spray pig for coating of pipes


Source : dragxsurfaces.com
21
EFFECTS OF COATING

Source : dragxsurfaces.com

• On heavily corroded lines, the coating could reduce the pressure drop losses by a factor of 2
22
KEY BENEFITS OF COATING

• Reduced need for use of costly inhibitors


• Eliminated need for continuous injection of costly chemicals
• Eliminated need for injection equipment and maintenance
• Lowered power consumption
• No adverse effects on purity of the fluids transported
• Protection against internal corrosion
• Reduction in head loss within a treated line by up to 25% when
applied to a relatively clean, lightly corroded line

23
CONCLUSIONS
• Nanotechnology brings about higher energy efficiency in transport of
water.

• Nanocomposite coatings decrease friction , increase flow rate.

• Coatings are effective in minimizing corrosion of pipelines.

• Applicability to existing pipes and water distribution components -


cost effectiveness.

• Benefits of energy and labor savings.


24
REFERENCES

1. N. Venkat Rao, M. Rajasekhar, K. Vijayalakshmi and M. Vamshykrishna. (2015);The Future of


Civil Engineering with the Influence and Impact of Nanotechnology on Properties of Materials,
2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials and Technologies (CNT 2014),  Procedia
Materials Science (ELSEVIER)
2. Xingyu Wang , Xiaoning Qi , Zhibin Lin and Dante Battocchi.(2018); Graphene Reinforced
Composites as Protective Coatings for Oil and Gas Pipelines, Nanomaterials, MDPI
3. William James and Arif Shahzad. Water Distribution Losses Caused by Encrustation and
Biofouling: Theoretical Study Applied to Walkerton, ON, World Water and Environmental
Resources Conference, ASCE
4. Lei Zhang, Haitang Wu, Ming Wei.(2018);Preparation, characterization, and properties of
graphene oxide, Journal of Coatings Technology and Research(Springer)
25

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