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Today's Concepts: Newton's Laws

This lecture discusses Newton's laws of motion. It covers key concepts like acceleration being caused by forces, force changing momentum, and forces always coming in pairs. Examples are provided about centripetal force keeping objects moving in circular paths. Checkpoint questions review the direction of forces and momentum on a car moving in a circular track. Newton's third law of equal and opposite forces is explained using examples.

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JasonKoylass
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48 views

Today's Concepts: Newton's Laws

This lecture discusses Newton's laws of motion. It covers key concepts like acceleration being caused by forces, force changing momentum, and forces always coming in pairs. Examples are provided about centripetal force keeping objects moving in circular paths. Checkpoint questions review the direction of forces and momentum on a car moving in a circular track. Newton's third law of equal and opposite forces is explained using examples.

Uploaded by

JasonKoylass
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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<Course Name and Number>

Lecture 4

Today's Concepts: Newton’s Laws


a) Acceleration is caused by forces
b) Force changes momentum
c) Forces always come in pairs
d) Good reference frames

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 1


Newton’s 2nd Law

Acceleration is caused by force.

A bigger mass makes this harder

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 3


CheckPoint

The net force on a box is in the positive x direction.


Which of the following statements best describes the
motion of the box :

A) Its velocity is parallel to the x axis


B) Its acceleration parallel to the x axis
C) Both its velocity and its acceleration are parallel to the x axis
D) Neither its velocity or its acceleration need be parallel to the x
axis

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 4


Clicker Question

A force F is applied to a small block, that pushes a larger block. The


two blocks accelerate to the right. Compare the NET FORCE on the
block with mass M, to the net force on the block with mass 5M.
 
A) FM < F5M
B) FM = F5M
 F  ma
C) FM > F5M
Net Force
Same acceleration, so larger
mass has larger net force.

a
F 5M
M
Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 7
CheckPoint
You are driving a car with constant speed around a horizontal circular track. The
net force acting on your car

A) Points radically inward toward the center of the circular track


B) Points radically outward, away from the center of the circular track
C) Points forward in the same direction your car is moving
D) Points backward, opposite to the direction your car is moving
E) Is zero.

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 8


Aside: Centripetal acceleration and force

1) Objects moving in a circle always have a component


of acceleration, called centripetal, which is toward
the center of the circle.*
2) Centripetal acceleration must be caused by a force:
 Friction, gravity – whatever force keeps it moving in a circle.
 This force is often called the “centripetal force”
3) There is no “new” kind of force here.
4) There is no such thing as centrifugal force.

* They can have also have tangential acceleration if their speed is not constant
Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 10
Momentum & Force

Tablecloth & Dishes


Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 11
CheckPoint
You are driving a car with constant speed around a horizontal circular track. The
momentum of your car

A) Points radically inward toward the center of the circular track


B) Points radically outward, away from the center of the circular track
C) Points forward in the same direction your car is moving
D) Points backward, opposite to the direction your car is moving
E) Is zero.

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 13



v

a

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 15


 
p  mv
 
F  ma

Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 16


Newton’s 1st Law

Ice-puck Fake Forces: Coriolis (YouTube)


Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 17
This effect can
make cannons
miss their target
if you don’t take
it into account.

Hurricane Earl

And makes hurricanes


rotate CCW (CW) in the
Northern (Southern)
hemisphere.
Physics 211 Lecture
Mechanics 4,4,Slide
Lecture Slide 18
18
Newton’s 3rd Law

Forces come in pairs!

Fire-cart
Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 19
Clicker Question

A small guy and a large football player moving at the same


speed collide head-on. Which person experiences the
larger force during the collision?

A) The small guy.


B) The football player.
C) They experience the same force.
Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 21
Clicker Question

A small guy and a large football player moving at the same


speed collide head-on. Which person experiences the
larger acceleration during the collision?

A) The small guy.


B) The football player.
C) The accelerations are the same.
Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 22
Clicker Question
A small guy moving at a high speed collides with a
stationary large football player. Now, which person
experiences the larger force during the collision?

A) The small guy experiences the larger force.


B) The football player experiences the larger force.
C) Both experience the same force.
Mechanics Lecture 4, Slide 23

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