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Unit I: - Finite Element Formulation of Boundary Value Problems

The document provides an introduction to finite element analysis (FEA) and the finite element method (FEM). It discusses that FEM is a numerical technique used to find approximate solutions to boundary value problems. It works by dividing a system into smaller pieces called finite elements and approximating solutions within each element. The key steps of FEA are discretization, element selection, derivation of element equations, assembly of global equations, application of boundary conditions, and solution of displacements and stresses. A variety of engineering applications employing FEA are also outlined.

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110 views

Unit I: - Finite Element Formulation of Boundary Value Problems

The document provides an introduction to finite element analysis (FEA) and the finite element method (FEM). It discusses that FEM is a numerical technique used to find approximate solutions to boundary value problems. It works by dividing a system into smaller pieces called finite elements and approximating solutions within each element. The key steps of FEA are discretization, element selection, derivation of element equations, assembly of global equations, application of boundary conditions, and solution of displacements and stresses. A variety of engineering applications employing FEA are also outlined.

Uploaded by

jamunaa83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT I

• FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION OF


BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS
INTRODUCTION
• The finite element method constitutes a general tool for the
numerical solution of partial differential equations in
engineering and applied science
• The finite element method (FEM), or finite element analysis
(FEA), is based on the idea of building a complicated object
with simple blocks, or, dividing a complicated object into
small and manageable pieces. Application of this simple idea
can be found everywhere in everyday life as well as in
engineering
METHOD

• The finite element method is a computational scheme to solve


field problems in engineering and science. The technique has
very wide application, and has been used on problems
involving stress analysis, fluid mechanics, heat transfer,
diffusion, vibrations, electrical and magnetic fields, etc. The
fundamental concept involves dividing the body under study
into a finite number of pieces (subdomains) called elements.
General Methods of the Finite Element
Analysis
• 1. Force Method – Internal forces are considered as the
unknowns of the problem.
• 2. Displacement or stiffness method – Displacements of the
nodes are considered as the unknowns of the problem.
Objectives of This FEM
• Understand the fundamental ideas of the FEM
• Know the behavior and usage of each type of elements
coveredin this course
• Be able to prepare a suitable FE model for given problems
• Can interpret and evaluate the quality of the results (know the
physics of the problems)
Applications of FEM in Engineering
• Mechanical/Aerospace/Civil/Automobile
Engineering Structure analysis
(static/dynamic, linear/nonlinear)
Thermal/fluid flows
• Electromagnetics
• Geomechanics  Biomechanics
General Steps of the Finite Element Analysis
• Discretization of structure
• Numbering of Nodes and Elements
• Selection of Displacement function or interpolation function
• Define the material behavior by using Strain – Displacement and
Stress – Strain relationships
• Derivation of element stiffness matrix and equations
• Assemble the element equations to obtain the global or total
equations
• Applying boundary conditions
• Solution for the unknown displacements computation of the element
strains and stresses from the nodal displacements
• Interpret the results (post processing).
Meshing( Discretization )
• Discretization is the method of approximating the differential
equations by a system of algebraic equations for the variables
at some set of discrete locations in space and time.
Continuous domain Discretized domain
WEIGHTED RESIDUAL METHOD
• It is a powerful approximate procedure applicable to several
problems. For non – structural problems, the method of
weighted residuals becomes very useful. It has many types.
The popular four methods are,
• 1. Point collocation method
• 2. Subdomain collocation method
• 3. Least square method,
• 4. Galerkin’s method

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