CONSTRUCTION &

MATERIALS

TOPIC: PAINTING AND POLISHING

SUBMITTED TO : GROUP 4: AKSHAT MAURYA

PROF PRABHAT RAO NIKHIL SINGH
PROF GAURAV SINGH GOVIND NITIN
KAJOL GUPTA
NILESH KUMAR
KULDEEP YADAV
 PAINTS
• WHAT IS PAINT ??
• THE PAINTS ARE COATING OF
FLUID MATERIAL AND THEY
ARE APPLIED OVER THE
SURFACE OF TIMBER AND
METALS.
PAINT IS A LIQUID
•
COMPOSITION AFTER
APPLICATION IT IS
CONVERT IN TO A SOLID FILM.
 TYPES OF PAINTS

PAINTS ARE CATEGORISED IN TO SEVEN

GROUPS:
1. OIL PAINTS
2. SYNTHETIC PAINTS
3. EMULSION PAINTS
4. VARNISHES
5. WATER PAINTS (DISTEMPER)
6. SPECIAL PAINTS
 OIL PAINTS

• THESE ARE THE TRADITIONAL TYPE

HAVING A LINSEED OIL MEDIUM.
• THEY ARE RESPECTIVELY TERMED AS
PRIMES, UNDERCOATS AND FINISHING
COATS.
• THIS PAINT IS CHEAP AND EASY TO APPLY
AND IT POSSESS GOOD OPACITY AND LOW
GLOW.

•IT CONSISTS OF VARIOUS COATS:

1. PRIMING COAT
2. FINISHING COAT
3. UNDER COAT
 PRIMING
COAT
• LINSEED OIL, WHITE LEAD, A SMALL AMOUNT OF
RED LEAD AND EXTENDER (A WHITE PIGMENT
USED TO INCREASE BULK, PREVENT
SEDIMENTATION AND IMPROVE SPREADING)
• THE LEAD BASE IS PARTICULARLY SUITABLE
FOR EXTERNAL WORK;
• LEADLESS PIGMENTS ARE FOR INTERNAL USE.

• UNDER COATS
• LINSEED OIL, WHITE LEAD(TINTED IF
REQUIRED) AND HAS A HIGH QUALITY
DRYING OIL.

• FINISHING COATS
• OIL VARNISH, PIGMENTS OF DESIRED COLOUR
AND PERHAPS EXTENDERS, AND THINNERRS;
FINISHES VARY FROM FLAT TO OIL-GLOSS.
 SYNTHETIC
PAINTS

• The medium for these is a chemical

compound, one type being an oil modified
alkyd resin.
• They have the advantages over oil paints in
setting more quickly and offering greater
durability where corrosion is a danger.
• They also have a better flow and are
easier to apply.
• Drying is by evaporation of the solvent, by
oxidation and chemical change.
 EMULSION
PAINTS
• An emulsion paint has the pigments and the
medium dispersed as small globules in water.
• Oil , synthetic resin and bitumen are
common medium.
• The different emulsion paints are alkyd,
bitumen,
polyvinyl acetate and styrene emulsions.
• They are used mainly on walls surfaces.
• Bitumen emulsions are those of bitumen in
water
plus pigments and extenders.
• They are for use on asphalt and
bituminous surfaces.
• Polyvinyl acetate(p.v.a.)emulsion paints
have a
p.v.a. medium and give a finish from flat to
egg shell gloss.
 POLISHING OF WOODEN
FLOORINGS

• Zinc or lead added varnish is called enamel

• Pigments are added to it to give the desired
colour.
• The enamels are used to paint the floor
surfaces.
• The selected enamel should be strong enogh
to resist abrasion,moisture and alkali action.
• Should be of shining nature.
• Should be of quick drying type
 VARNISHES
Varnishes are used to give a
transparent film to a surface.

OIL VARNISH
• They contain linseed oil or other drying oils,
dryers, synthetic or natural resins and solvents
such as white spirit or turpentine.
• They dry by evaporation of the solvent and
oxidation of the oil.
• The relative proportions of the oil and the resins
control the usage, if the oil is predominant a more
elastic varnish reserved for external work.
• If the solvent is the major ingredient a high gloss,
which dries out rapidly, is obtained for internal
work.
• Copal varnish is a good quality type.
 SPIRIT VARNISH
• Spirit varnish is a solutions of shellac and spirit
resins dissolved in commercial
alcohol(methylated spirits).
• The are only suitable for internals surfaces like
furniture(e.g. in French polishing).
• Polyurethane varnish is a type of resin varnish
producing a very durable finish.
• Its cost is RS- 230/kg

WATER
PAINTS(DISTEMPER)
• Water paint also known as DISTEMPERS.
• They are used mainly on internal walls and ceilings
and most of them give a flat finish.
• There are several kinds are prepared on the site by
adding water to
make a paste.
• They have a drying oil or varnish medium
emulsified in water containing glue or other
fixatives.
• Bartyes is a common pigment along with
tinting pigment.
• The cheapest type known as soft or ceiling
distemper, contains only
a glue size vehicle and tinted powdered
chalk.
• It can be removed by washing or brushing and so
is only used for ceilings.
• Oil bound distemper is a better quality having a
mixture of linseed oil, pigment and extenders.
• It will withstand limited careful washing.
 SPECIAL PAINTS
THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF SPECIAL PAINTS:
ALUMINIUM PAINTS :
1. These are often used as a primer on resinous woods like
Columbian and oregon pine because
they have a good sealing effect.
2. They contain aluminium powder in a quick drying
medium.
ANTI-CONDENSATION PAINTS:
3. These containing cork filler and whilst.
4. They are not a substitute for adequate ventilation( the
best safeguard against condensation).
5. They afford some relief by reducing the transfer of
heat.
BITUMINOUS PAINTS:
1. The vehicle for these is mostly bitumen.
2. They provide a cheap method of protecting steel
where appearance is secondary.
CHLORINATED RUBBER PAINTS:
6. This contains chlorinated rubber combined with
pigments and special thinner.
7. The paints offer good resistance to acids and alkalis
and can be used where fumes from these
chemicals arise.
3. They are suitable for internal use on brickwork,
concrete and steelwork.
 FIRE-RESISTANT PAINTS:
• These are used to increase the resistance to fire
of wood and certain building boards.
• There are several proprietary types incorporating
ammonium phosphate.

FUNGICIDAL PAINTS:
• These include special ingredients which
render them resistance to mildew and other
fungoid attack, useful in humid surroundings.
HEAT-RESISTING PAINTS:
• They incorporate special varnishes and pigment
which do not discolour on heating.

IMITATION STONE PAINT:

• This imitates natural stone, it contains stone
granules in an oil or emulsion medium.

TEXTURE PAINTS:
• These contain different powders and
pigments with glue.
• They used in a stiff consistency to make textured
surface on which patterns can be formed by brush or
special implements.
WOOD STAINS:
• It consists of various shades in oil, spirit or water
medium.
 PAINTING TECHNIQUES
• BY BRUSH:

• Correctly prepared the surface and using a good quality

brush, the top of the brush is dipped in the paint and
the excess removed by drawing it against the edge of
the tin.
• Working from right to left a narrow strip of the work
is covered with vertical brush strokes, the area is then
“crossed”.
• The surface is then finally “laid off”.
• A strip must be joined to its neighbour as soon as
possible and the work so arranged that the surface is
finished without interruption.
 SPRAY
PAINTING:

• It is an alternative technique essential for

cellulose paint.
• Simple spray equipment comprises a motor
and fan giving a current of air delivered by
tube to a container and spray gun.
• The gun has a nozzle from which the paint is
forced in a fine spray when a trigger is
depressed.
• An air compressor is used in large equipment.
• Painting by spray is quicker for large areas
then brushing.
• It also uses less paint for this has to be
thinner.
 PRECAUTIONS DURING
PAINTING
• Don’t use in confined space
• Don’t use paint or varnish if you have an open
cut
• Escape for touching paint or varnish with your
skin mostly for face
• Never use turpentine or mineral spirit as hand
cleaners.
• Do   not   smoke,   use   an   open   flame, or
  use spark-producing tools in the vicinity of
painting operations.
• Use  only  explosion proof  lights  near
painting operations.
• Do not wear nylon, orlon, or plastic clothing or
covering.
• Keep paint off your skin as much as possible.
• Ever paint during electrical storms.
• Keep   food   and   drink   away from
  areas  being painted.
 PAINTING
DEFECTS
BLEEDING: Its an disruption and staining of the painted
surface by chemical action. It happens when an incorrect
paint is applied over another such as bituminous one. The
remedy is to remove the old paint and renew with a like
one.

BLISTERING: It is a common failure caused by poor

adhesion or by moisture pushing off
the paint.
It is prevented by having a dry background , proper
prining and removal of very resionous knots.

BLOOMING: It is the mistiness which can appear on

varnished or highly glossed surfaces.
It is due to the presence of moisture, draughts or
frost during application or condensation on newly
painted areas.
Remedy is to repaint.

BRUSH MARKS: These may be due to the paint being too

stiff, by poor workmanship or by brushing over paint which
has partially set.
They are removed by rubbing down with waterproof abrasive
followed by repainting.

CHALKING: It is the powdering of a paint film usually on

exposed outside surfaces.
It is a sign that repainting is necessary and may be due to
CISSING: It is the shrinking of a paint film usually
in quite small, but sometimes large areas.
It is often due to a greasy undercoat or lack of
key between coats.
Repainting is the cure.

CRACKING: It starts
as fine hair cracks
and may turn to
flaking. It can be
due to lack of
elasticity in the
finishing coat or.
Unequal elasticity
between coats of a
paint containing
excessive driers.
Remedy is to repaint.

CRINKLING: It is due to incorrect application and

excess of paint which forms “runs” on the
surface.
Remedy is to rub down and start again.

FLAKING: It is due to poor adhesion

or presence of moisture during
painting or Due to inadequate
cleaning and preparation.
Remedy is the defective areas must
be redone.
 MARKET SURVEY

There are many companies in market

which are available for the painting
products but, generally the companies
which are most popular are:
• Asian paints
• Berger
• Ici
• Nerolac

Now a days lots of styles and methods are

available to enhance the style and
aesthetics of buildings. Like texture
paints , emulsion
paints,enamels,distempers and many more,
which are selected as per the need.
 EXTERIOR
WALL PAINTS;
BERGER
•ALL GUARD – 350/LTR
•WEATHER COAT ANTI-DUST – 300/LTR
•WEATHER COAT – 250/LTR
•WALMASTA ANTI FUNGAL – 150/LTR
ASIAN PAINTS
•ACE – 160/LTR
•APEX – 260/LTR
•ULTIMA – 380/LTR

INTERIOR WALL PAINTS

ASIAN PAINTS
•TRACTOR EMULSION – 130/LTR
•PREMIUM EMULSION – 260/LTR
•LOYAL LUXARY EMULSION – 460/LTR
•LOYAL SHINE EMULSION – 490/LTR
BERGER

•BISION ACRYLIC EMULSION-130/LTR

•RANGOLI-250/LTR
•EASY CLEAN LUXURY EMULSION -320/LTR
•SILK-410/LTR
•EASY CLEAN FRESH -430/LTR
•SILK GLAMOUR -550/LTR

WOOD FINISHING

• THINNER- 160/L
• DANA- 600/KG
• CHANDRAS- 180/KG
• AMBER,RAOSAINA-
14/400GM
• SINDOOR- 200/KG
• PRIEMER:
• IT IS BASICALLY AVAILABLE IN MANY BRANDS
BUT MOST PREFERABLE
• COMPANIES ARE BERGER, NEROLAC, ICI, ASIAN
PAINTS ETC.

• FOR WOOD-120/L
• FOR IRON-90-100/L
• FOR WALLS-70-90/L

• VARNISH:
• CLEAN VARNISH- 200/L
• STAINER- 20/50ML
• ALUMINIUM- 240-250/L

• BERGER RED OXIDE(ZINC CHROMATE)-110/L

• WEATHER COAT GUARD-200/

• BRUSHES: 30-35 – 200/-

• ROLLERS: 60-800/-