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Polycystic Kidney

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder where clusters of cysts develop within the kidneys, causing them to enlarge and lose function over time. There are two main types: infantile type, an autosomal recessive disease presenting with cysts at birth and leading to renal failure; and adult type, an autosomal dominant disease presenting later in life with high blood pressure, pain, and cysts visible on imaging tests. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure to prevent further kidney damage, treating infections, and managing symptoms, with dialysis or transplant needed if kidney function is lost.

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147 views10 pages

Polycystic Kidney

Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder where clusters of cysts develop within the kidneys, causing them to enlarge and lose function over time. There are two main types: infantile type, an autosomal recessive disease presenting with cysts at birth and leading to renal failure; and adult type, an autosomal dominant disease presenting later in life with high blood pressure, pain, and cysts visible on imaging tests. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure to prevent further kidney damage, treating infections, and managing symptoms, with dialysis or transplant needed if kidney function is lost.

Uploaded by

manish dafda
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLYCSTIC KIDNEY

 Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder


in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your
kidneys, causing your kidneys to enlarge and lose
function over time. Cysts are noncancerous round sacs
containing fluid.
 The cysts vary in size, and they can grow very large.
Having many cysts or large cysts can damage our
kidneys.
CAUSE
 Congenital
 Progersion dilation of some portion of the nephron,
which can arise during the fetal development.
TYPES
1. infantile type
 It is inherited autosomal recessive disease

 In this condition multiple cyste formation present in


renal tissue.
 In newborn baby spongy palpable of the kidney.

 It present with palpable bilateral nodular cystic masses


with hypertension and progressive renal failure.
2. Adult type.
o It is an autosomal dominate disease

o In both kidney multiple cyst formation is present.

o It present with anemia, polyuria, hypertension and

bilateral palpable nodular renal masses with irregular


distribution.
SYMPTOMS

 High blood pressure


 Back or side pain

 Headache

 A feeling of fullness in your abdomen

 Increased size of your abdomen due to enlarged kidneys

 Blood in your urine

 Kidney stones

 Kidney failure

 Urinary tract or kidney infections


DIAGNOSIS EVALUTION
 History taking
 Physical examination

 USG

 CT Scan

 MRI

 IVP : intra venous pylogram ( x ray examination of


kideny, ureters, urinary bladder)
 Renal angiography.
TREATMENT
 High blood pressure. Controlling high blood pressure
can delay the progression of the disease and slow further
kidney damage. Combining a low-sodium, low-fat diet
that's moderate in protein and calorie content with not
smoking, increasing exercise and reducing stress may
help control high blood pressure.
 Manage the pain
 Bladder or kidney infections. Prompt treatment of
infections with antibiotics is necessary to prevent kidney
damage.
 Blood in the urine. You'll need to drink lots of fluids,
preferably plain water, as soon as you notice blood in your
urine to dilute the urine. Dilution might help prevent
obstructive clots from forming in your urinary tract.
 Kidney failure. If your kidneys lose their ability to
remove waste products and extra fluids from your blood,
you'll eventually need either dialysis or a kidney
transplant.
 Aneurysms. If you have polycystic kidney disease and a
family history of ruptured brain (intracranial) aneurysms,
your doctor may recommend regular screening for
intracranial aneurysms.

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