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Conic Sections:Circles: Section 9.3

This document provides information about conic sections and specifically circles. It begins with an introduction to conic sections and lists the four shapes: circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas. The rest of the document focuses on circles, providing definitions, the standard form equation, and examples of writing equations of circles given characteristics like the center and radius or a point on the circle. It also discusses graphing circles and finding tangent lines to circles.

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Gemver Baula Balbas
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47 views

Conic Sections:Circles: Section 9.3

This document provides information about conic sections and specifically circles. It begins with an introduction to conic sections and lists the four shapes: circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas. The rest of the document focuses on circles, providing definitions, the standard form equation, and examples of writing equations of circles given characteristics like the center and radius or a point on the circle. It also discusses graphing circles and finding tangent lines to circles.

Uploaded by

Gemver Baula Balbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conic Sections:Circles

Section 9.3
Introduction of Conics
A. A conic (or conic section) is a plane curve that can
be obtained by intersecting a cone

B. Four shapes that make up conic sections: circle,


ellipse, hyperbola, and parabola
Objectives:
1. Define a circle.
2. Determine the standard form of
equation of a circle.
3. Graph a circle in a rectangular
coordinate system.
Let us all explore the “Circle”
Shape of a circle from a cone
Real–Life Examples
Circle
Determine whether the given objects has all the
characteristic of a circle or NOT?
Circle
Now, let us all explore more on circle.
Are you wondering about it’s features?
Definitions
A. A circle is the set of all points in a plane
that is a fixed distance from a fixed point
B. The center of a circle is the fixed
equidistance point of the circle
C. The radius of a circle is the fixed
equidistance length of the circle
D. A tangent is a line in the same plane as
the circle that intersects at exactly one
point
Equations in Standard Form

 x  h  y k  r
2 2 2

Center: (h, k)

Radius: r
Example 1
Name the center and the radius of this circle, (x + 2)2 +
(y – 3)2 = 16

 x  h  y k  r
2 2 2

r  16
2

r4
c   2,3
r4
Your Turn
Name the center and the radius of this circle, (x + 1/2)2
+ (y – 5/2)2 = 14

 1 5
c   , 
 2 2
r  14
Example 2
Identify the equation of a circle with the given graph
below.

Each line is 0.5

x   y  3  9
2 2
Example 3
Write an equation of the circle with its center is at (–2,
3), the radius is 4, and graph it.

 x  h   y  k   r
2 2 2

 x  2    y  3  4
2 2 2

 x  2   y  3  16
2 2
Example 3 Calculator Check
Write an equation of the circle with its center is at (–2,
3), the radius is 4, and graph it.
 x  2   y  3  16
2 2

put it in y  .
 x  2  2   y  3  162
2 2

 y  3  16   x  2 
 y  3  16   x  2 
2 2

y  3   16  ( x  2) 2
y   16   x  2   3
2
Your Turn
Write an equation of the circle with its center is at (–3,
5) and the radius is 5 and graph it.

 x  3   y  5   25
2 2
Derivation in finding Radius 
 By applying the distance formula
 
❑ 𝟐 ❑ 𝟐
𝒅=√(𝒙 − 𝒙 ) +( 𝒚 − 𝒚 ) ,
❑
𝟐 𝟏
❑
𝟐 𝟏
we will arrive at the value of the radius
 
❑ ❑𝟐 ❑ ❑ 𝟐
𝒓= √(𝒙 − 𝒉 ) +( 𝒚 −𝒌 )
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
or equivalent to
Example 4
Write and graph the equation in standard form with
the given center of (2, –3), the point (1, 0), and
identify the radius.
Plug in what you are given to figure out the radius
 x  2    y  3  r
2 2 2

 1  2    0  3  r
2 2 2

 1   3  r r  10
2 2 2

 x  2    y  3  10
2 2
Example 5
Write a circle equation whose center is at the origin
and passes through (1, –6).

 1  1
2 2
x  x  y  y  r 2

x  y  37
2 2
Your Turn
Write a circle equation whose endpoints of a diameter
are (–5, 2) and (3, 6).
 x1  x2 y1  y2 
r   x2  x1    y2  y1 
2 2
MP   , 
 2 2 
 
−5+3 2+6
𝑀𝑃=( , )=(−1,4)
2 2

 x  1   y  4   20
2 2
Derivation 
 By applying the distance formula
 
❑ 𝟐 ❑ 𝟐
𝒅=√(𝒙 − 𝒙 ) +( 𝒚 − 𝒚 ) ,
❑
𝟐 𝟏
❑
𝟐 𝟏
we will arrive at the value of the radius
 
❑ ❑𝟐 ❑ ❑ 𝟐
𝒓= √(𝒙 − 𝒉 ) +( 𝒚 −𝒌 )
❑ ❑ ❑ ❑
or equivalent to
General equation of a circle 
Determine
  the general equation of the circle whose
center is (3,-1) and whose graph contains the point
(7,-1).
Solution:
We need to solve for the length of the radius.
We let (h,k)=(3,-1) and (x,y)=(7,-1)
General equation of a circle 
 Then we substitute r=4 and (h,k)=(3,-1), and we
get

The equation of the circle is


Your turn
 Find the general equation of the circle whose
center is (2,6) and whose radius is 3

Answer:
General to standard form 
We
  can convert the equation of a circle in general
form to standard form by completing the squares,
the equation may be presented as
General to standard form 
 
Thus, center (h,k) and radius r is equivalent to
Example
 Change the equation to standard form and
determine the center and the radius of the
circle.

or

Thus, (h,k)=(-4,3) and r=5


Example
 Express the equation to standard form and
determine the center and the radius of the
circle.
Solution:

Or
Your turn
 Express to standard form and determine the
center and the radius of the circle.
Answer:
Thus, point (2,4) is the only point on a plane
that satisfies the equation and the radius is
zero. This type of equation is referred as point
circle.
Tangent Steps
A. Determine the two points – usually the center and
a point
B. Determine the slope of radius and take the
OPPOSITE SIGN RECIPROCAL
C. Use point–slope formula to write equation
Example 6
Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle
x2 + y2 = 29 at the point (2, 5).

Put the equation in slope–intercept form using


POINT–slope form with the center and point
m
y2  y1
m
 5   0  5
m
x2  x1  2   0 2

The perpendicular lines are negative 2


reciprocals, the slope of the tangent is –2/5. m
5
Example 6
Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle
x2 + y2 = 29 at the point (2, 5).

Put the equation in slope–intercept form using


POINT–slope form with the center and point

y   2
y51  m
5
 x  x21 
You can leave it
in POINT–
2
y  5    x  2 SLOPE form
5
Example 6
Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle
x2 + y2 = 29 at the point (2, 5).

2
y  5    x  2
5
Example 7
Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 25 at the point (5, –5).

4
y  5   x  5
3
Your Turn
Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 26 at the point on the circle (2, 3).

1
y  3    x  2
5
Assignment
 Convert the following general equation to standard
form and determine the center and the radius of
the circle.
1.
2.
 

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