Coupling ,

clutch & brake

Compiled By: Hardik Majiwala 1

 Coupling
 A Coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends
for the purpose of transmitting power.
 The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating
equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or end
movement or both.

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 clutch
 A Clutch is a mechanical device that provides for the 
transmission of power (and therefore usually motion) from one component
(the driving member) to another (the driven member) when engaged, but
can be disengaged.
 Clutch is a device which facilitate engage and disengage of driving and
driven shaft whenever required, even it may rotate.
 In these devices, one shaft is typically attached to a motor or other power
unit (the driving member) while the other shaft (the driven member)
provides output power for work.
 Clutch is one type of coupling.

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 brake
 The Brake is a frictional device whose primary function is to control the
motion of machine member.
 It is used to bring machine member in to rest or slow down.

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 Why we used Coupling?
 Shaft are mostly available up to 7 meters length due to transportation
difficulty.
 For more then 7 meters length, it is necessary to joint two or more pieces
of the shaft using coupling.

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 purposes
 To connect shaft of motor & generator which are manufactured
separately and to provide for disconnection for repairs or alternations.
 To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another.

 To allow misalignment of the shaft or to introduce mechanical

flexibility.
 To introduce protection against the over loads.

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 Types of couplings
 Mainly two types of couplings.

Rigid Coupling
 It is used to connect two shaft which are perfect in axial alignment.
 These coupling do not allow any relative rotation between two shaft.

Flexible coupling
 It is used to connect two shaft which are not perfect in axial alignment.
 It is used to protect the driving & driven machine members against
harmful effect produce due to misalignment of shaft, vibration, sudden
shock load or shaft expansion.

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 Types of couplings
 Mainly two types of couplings.

1. Rigid Coupling
1. Sleeve or muff coupling
2. Clamp or Split muff or compression coupling
3. Flange coupling ( Unprotected type & Protected type)

2. Flexible coupling
1. Bushed pin type flange coupling
2. Universal Coupling
3. Oldham Coupling

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Sleeve or muff coupling

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 Sleeve or muff coupling
 Simplest type of rigid coupling.

 It is made from cast iron.

 It is very simple to design & manufacture.

 It consist of a hollow cylinder ( muff or sleeve ) whose inner diameter is the

same as diameter of the shaft.
 The muff is fitted over the ends of two shaft with the help of taper sunk key.

 A key and muff or sleeve useful to transmit power from one shaft to other
shaft.
 The main disadvantages of this coupling is that, it is very difficult to
assemble when there is no perfect alignment between shafts.
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Sleeve or muff coupling

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Split muff or clamp or compression
coupling

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Split Muff or Clamp Coupling

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 Split muff or clamp or compression
coupling
 The modified form of muff coupling called Split muff or clamp or
compression coupling.
 In this type of coupling, sleeve or muff is split in to two sleeve.

 It is fixed from the top and other half from the bottom and these are clamped
together by means of nuts & bolts.
 The advantages of this coupling is that assembling or disassembling of
coupling is possible without change the position of shaft.
 This coupling is used for heavy power or torque transmission at moderate
speed.

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 flange coupling
Mainly two types of flange coupling.
1. Unprotected type flange coupling
2. Protected type flange coupling

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Flange Coupling (Protected)

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 flange coupling
 This coupling having two separate cast iron flange which shown in fig . A
unprotected type flange coupling.
 Each flange is mounted on the shaft and keyed to it.

 The two flanges are coupled together by help of bolts and nuts.

 The projected portion of one of the flange and corresponding recess on other
flange are help to bring the shaft in to line and to maintain alignment.
 A flange is provided with a shroud (covering) which shelters the bolt heads
and nuts which shown in fig. B protected type flange coupling.
 This coupling prevent catching clothes of workman.

 This coupling is most accurate & rigid.

 This coupling provide the strong connection of shaft.

 It used for heavy power transmission at low speed.

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flange coupling

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Bush pin type flange coupling

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 Bush pin type flange coupling
 This is a modified form of protected type flange coupling.

 This type of coupling has a pin and it work as a coupling bolt.

 The rubber and lather bushes are used over the pins.

 The coupling is having a two halves which are dissimilar in construction.

 This pins are rigidly fastened by nuts to one of the flange and kept loose in other
flange.
 This coupling is used for connection of shafts which having the small parallel
misalignment, angular misalignment and axial displacement.
 In this coupling rubber bush absorbs shocks and vibration during its operation.

 This coupling mostly used to couple an electric motor and machine.

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 Oldham’s coupling
 It consist of two flange A & B with slots and a central floating disc E.

 The disc E having tongues T1 and T2 at right angles.

 The tongue T1 is fitted in to the slot of flange A and allow horizontal sliding
relative motion.
 The tongue T2 is fitted in to the slot of flange B and allows vertical sliding
relative motion.
 This right angle motions of tongues on the slots will accommodate lateral
misalignment of shaft when they rotate.
 It is used in connecting two parallel shafts but they are not in alignment
and their axis are at small distance apart.

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Oldham’s coupling

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Oldham’s coupling

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Universal coupling
or hook’s joint

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 Universal coupling
or hook’s joint
 It consist of two similar forks keyed on the end of the two shaft.
 These two forks are assembled to a central block by pin.

 The central block having two arms at right angles to each other.
 It is used to connect two shafts whose axis intersect.

 It also used to connect two shafts, where the angle between two shafts may
be varied when they rotate.
 It is widely used in Automobile & machine tool.

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Universal coupling
or hook’s joint

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