Scribd
Upload
29 views11 pages

4 April Lecture

This document discusses fiber optic signal amplification techniques. It introduces the need for amplification to compensate for signal loss over long distances. The two main amplification techniques are lumped amplification using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and distributed amplification using Raman amplification. It then discusses modeling of signal loss and gain, noise sources, and considerations for multi-channel systems.

Uploaded by

Pallavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views11 pages

4 April Lecture

This document discusses fiber optic signal amplification techniques. It introduces the need for amplification to compensate for signal loss over long distances. The two main amplification techniques are lumped amplification using erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and distributed amplification using Raman amplification. It then discusses modeling of signal loss and gain, noise sources, and considerations for multi-channel systems.

Uploaded by

Pallavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Loss Management

Week 10
Lecture 22: 4 April 2020
Amol Choudhary
Why amplify?
• Signal sees loss of 0.2 dB/km at 1550 nm.
• After ~100 km 20 dB signal lost.
• Propagation length is 1000s of km. need to periodically amplify signal
• Typically, in a longhaul system an amplifier is kept ~80 km

• Two types of amplifer schemes:


• Lumped: EDFA
• Distributed: Raman

Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal,


2
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Revisit NLSE
• Introduce a loss term, exponential decay:
• Modify the NLSE to be

• The signal evolution can be written as if no other sources of


loss
• This clearly shows the power falls down exponentially. ~20 dB for 100
km transmission
• Of course, all amplifiers add noise (unfortunately!)

Noise
gain 3
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Lumped amplification
• Assume the length of each amplifier is la << LA(amplifier spacing)

lA

LA
• For non-uniform spacing, Fiberlabs.com
4
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Distributed amplification
• Solve this over whole fiber length

• The gain satisfied the following equation

Gain

• Here LA is the pump station spacing

• Raman pump at 1450 for C+L band amplification

Cisco.com, Gazettabyte.com 5
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Bidirectional Raman pumping LA

• Use two pumps Loss at pump

• Then, solving g1 g2

Bi-directional
• For backward
Backward

• The power varies only by ~20% for bi- Lumped


directional pumping, 100% for backward
and almost 10x for lumped
Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal,  https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010002
6
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Erbium Doped fiber amplifer
• Have a gain medium which consists of
Erbium ions (Er3+)
• Pump at 980 nm or ‘in-band’ pumping
• In-band pumping at 1480 has a lower
absorption than 980
• Pumping can be co-, counter- or bi
• Gain is broadened both
homogenously due to stark Splitting
and inhomogenously due to structural
disorders
Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal, RP Photonics, thor labs
7
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
2-Level Model
• For understanding, neglect excited state
absorption, and rapid decay from upper ESA
level
Photon Flux
N2

N1
Spontaneous Emission lifetime ~10ms
• All powers vary along the fiber due to
absorption and Spontaneous emission
Confinement factor
• If no spontaneous emission then
• Gives +1 for forward, -1 for backward pump
Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal,
8
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Small-signal analysis
• The gain is given by
• Total amplifier gain is given by:
• After a particular length the
gain falls down, as longer
length is unpumped and
absorbs the signal
• Since lifetime is long, not
effected by the pulses

Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal,


9
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Pin Pout=G*Pin
G
Amplifier noise
• Noise factor is defined as
• Assume a shot-noise-limited detector
• Then
• Spectral density of ASE:
Spontaneous emission factor

• Dominant noise is spontaneous emission mixing with signal


• Then
• => Noise figure >3 dB. Typically 6-8dB
Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal,
10
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.
Multi-channel operation
• Non-uniform gain is a problem
• Try to ‘flatten the curve’ using filters
• Can also design L band amplifiers
• C+L bad amplifiers too

Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Govind P Agrawal,


11
This material is being used for academic purposes only, and is intended only for students registered in IIT Delhi in Semester II, 2019-20, and is not intended for wider circulation.

You might also like