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Basic Chemistry: Chapter 9 Chemical Quantities in Reactions

The document discusses limiting reactants in chemical reactions. It provides examples of calculating the limiting reactant given amounts of reactants and using it to determine the maximum amount of product that can be formed. It also shows how to determine the grams of product from the limiting reactant using mole-mole conversions and molar masses.

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Andrea Cristina Quintero
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32 views

Basic Chemistry: Chapter 9 Chemical Quantities in Reactions

The document discusses limiting reactants in chemical reactions. It provides examples of calculating the limiting reactant given amounts of reactants and using it to determine the maximum amount of product that can be formed. It also shows how to determine the grams of product from the limiting reactant using mole-mole conversions and molar masses.

Uploaded by

Andrea Cristina Quintero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 9 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fifth Edition

Chapter 9 Chemical
Quantities in Reactions
9.4 Limiting Reactants

Learning Goal Identify a limiting


reactant when given the quantities of
two reactants; calculate the amount of
product formed from the limiting reactant.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Limiting Reactants

A limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is

the substance that


• runs out first.
• stops the reaction.
• limits the amount of product that can form.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Limiting Reactants

When we make peanut butter sandwiches


for lunch, we need 2 slices of bread and
1 tablespoon of peanut butter for each
sandwich.

As an equation, we could write:

2 slices bread + 1 Tbsp peanut butter


yields 1 peanut butter sandwich

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Limiting Reactants

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Limiting Reactants

How many peanut butter sandwiches can be made from


8 slices of bread and 1 jar of peanut butter?

With 8 slices of bread, only 4 sandwiches can be made.


The bread is the limiting reactant.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Limiting Reactants

How many peanut butter sandwiches can be made from


8 slices of bread and 1 tablespoon of peanut butter?

With 1 tablespoon of peanut butter, only 1 sandwich can


be made. The peanut butter is now the limiting reactant.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Guide to Calculating Moles of Product from
a Limiting Reactant

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Moles of Product from Limiting Reactant

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are used to produce methanol


(CH4O). The balanced chemical reaction is

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH4O(g)

If 3.00 mol of CO and 5.00 mol of H2 are the initial reactants,


what is the limiting reactant and how many moles of methanol
can be produced?

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Moles of Product from Limiting Reactant

Solution

STEP 1 State the given and needed quantities (moles).

STEP 2 Write a plan to convert the given to the needed


quantity (grams).

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Moles of Product from Limiting Reactant

STEP 3 Write the mole–mole factors.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Moles of Product from Limiting Reactant

STEP 4 Calculate the quantity (moles) of product from


each reactant and select the smaller quantity
(moles) as the limiting reactant.

Moles of CH4O (product) from CO:

Moles of CH4O (product) from H2:

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Grams of Product from Limiting Reactant

When silicon dioxide (sand) and carbon are heated, the


products are silicon carbide, SiC, and carbon monoxide.
Silicon carbide is a ceramic material that tolerates extreme
temperatures and is used as an abrasive and in the brake
discs of sports cars. How many grams of CO are formed from
70.0 g of SiO2 and 50.0 g of C?

SiO2(s) + 3C(s) SiC(s) + 2CO(g)

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Grams of Product from Limiting Reactant

Solution

STEP 1 State the given and needed quantity (grams).

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Grams of Product from Limiting Reactant

STEP 2 Write a plan to convert the quantity (grams) of


each reactant to quantity (grams) of product.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Grams of Product from Limiting Reactant

STEP 3 Write the mole–mole factors and molar masses.

Molar masses:

Mole-mole factors:

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Grams of Product from Limiting Reactant

STEP 4 Calculate the quantity (grams) of product from


each reactant and select the smaller quantity
(grams) as the limiting reactant.

Grams of CO (product) from SiO2:

Grams of CO (product) from C:

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Learning Check

Calculate the mass of water produced when


8.00 g of H2 and 24.0 g of O2 react.

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

Calculate the mass of water produced when


8.00 g of H2 and 24.0 g of O2 react.

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

STEP 1 State the given and needed quantities


(grams).

Given: 8.00 g of H2, 24.0 g of O2


Need: grams of H2O

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 2 Write a plan to convert the grams of


each reactant to grams of product.

Grams Molar Moles Mole–mole Moles Molar Grams


of H2 mass of H2 factor of H2O mass of H2O

Grams Molar Moles Mole–mole Moles Molar Grams


of O2 mass of O2 factor of H2O mass of H2O

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 3 Use coefficients to write mole−mole


factors; write molar mass factors.

1 mole of H2 = 2.02 g of H2

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 3 Use coefficients to write mole−mole


factors; write molar mass factors.

1 mole of O2 = 32.00 g of O2

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 3 Use coefficients to write mole−mole


factors; write molar mass factors.

1 mole of H2O = 18.02 g of H2O

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 3 Use coefficients to write mole−mole


factors; write molar mass factors.

2 moles of H2 = 2 moles of H2O

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 3 Use coefficients to write mole−mole


factors; write molar mass factors.

1 mole of O2 = 2 moles of H2O

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)


8.00 g 24.00 g ?g

STEP 4 Calculate the grams of product from each


reactant; the smaller number is the
limiting reactant.

© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

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