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Real Life Applications of OSI Models

The document provides an overview of the 7-layer OSI model: 1) The OSI model divides network architecture into 7 layers from application to physical. 2) Each layer has a specific role like the transport layer provides reliable data delivery and the network layer handles routing between networks. 3) The layers build upon each other with each relying on the layers below and providing services to the layers above.

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MR ROBOT
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415 views

Real Life Applications of OSI Models

The document provides an overview of the 7-layer OSI model: 1) The OSI model divides network architecture into 7 layers from application to physical. 2) Each layer has a specific role like the transport layer provides reliable data delivery and the network layer handles routing between networks. 3) The layers build upon each other with each relying on the layers below and providing services to the layers above.

Uploaded by

MR ROBOT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSI MODEL

1
Introductio
n
 • Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI
Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for
layered communications and computer network protocol
design.
• It divides network architecture into seven layers which, from
top to bottom, are the Application, Presentation, Session,
Transport, Network, Data-Link, and Physical Layers. It is
therefore often referred to as the OSI Seven Layer Model.

2
OSI Model's 7
Layers
Application to Application

R
APPLICATION APPLICATION

YE
LA Application to Application
PRESENTATION

ER PRESENTATION

GH
SESSION
HI Application to Application
SESSION

MIDDLE
TRANSPORT Process to Process TRANSPORT

NETWORK Source to Destination


LAYER NETWORK
Router
Source to Destination

Hop to Hop
DATA LINK

LAYER Switch
Hop to Hop
DATA LINK

PHYSICAL
L OWER Hub and Repeater
PHYSICAL
Physical Medium

3
Host and Media
Layer

4
Data, Protocol &
Activities
OSI Layers TCP/IP Suit Activities

Application Application To allow access to network resources


Telnet, FTP, SMTP, HTTP, DNS, SNMP, Specific address etc…

To Translate, encrypt, and compress


Presentation Presentation data

Session To establish, manage, and terminate


Session session

Transport To Provide reliable process-to-process


Transport SCTP, TCP, UDP, Sockets and Ports address Message delivery and error recovery

Network To move packets from source to


Network IP, ARP/RARP, ICMP, IGMP, Logical address destination; to provide internetworking

Data Link To organize bits into frames; to provide


Data Link IEEE 802 Standards, TR, FDDI, PPP, Physical address Hop-to-hop delivery

Physical To Transmit bits over a medium; to provide


Physical Medium, Coax, Fiber, 10base, Wireless Mechanical and electrical specifications

5
Physical Layer

• Provides physical interface for transmission of information.


• Defines rules by which bits are passed from one system
to another on a physical communication medium.
• Covers all - mechanical, electrical, functional and
procedural - aspects for physical communication.
• Such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage
changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission
distances, physical connectors, and other similar
attributes are defined by physical layer specifications.
Data Link Layer

• Data link layer attempts to provide reliable communication


over the physical layer interface.

• Breaks the outgoing data into frames and reassemble the


received frames.

• Create and detect frame boundaries.


Network Layer

• Implements routing of frames (packets) through the network.

• Defines the most optimum path the packet should take from
the source to the destination

• Handles congestion in the network.

• Facilitates interconnection between heterogeneous networks


(Internetworking).

• The network layer also defines how to fragment a packet


into smaller packets to accommodate different media.
Transport Layer

• Purpose of this layer is to provide a reliable mechanism


for the exchange of data between two processes in different
computers.
• Ensures that the data units are delivered error free and in
sequence.
• Ensures that there is no loss or duplication of data units.
• Provides connectionless or connection oriented service.
Session Layer

• Session layer provides mechanism for controlling the dialogue


between the two end systems. It defines how to start, control and
end conversations (called sessions) between applications.

• This layer requests for a logical connection to be


established on an end-user’s request.
• Any necessary log-on or password validation is also handled
by this layer.
• Session layer is also responsible for terminating the
connection.
• This layer provides services like dialogue discipline which
can be full duplex or half duplex.
• Session layer can also provide check-pointing
mechanism such that if a failure of some sort occurs between
checkpoints, all data can be retransmitted from the last
checkpoint.
Presentation Layer

• Presentation layer defines the format in which the data is


to be exchanged between the two communicating
entities.
• Also handles data compression and data encryption
(cryptography).
Application Layer

• Application layer interacts with


application programs and is the highest level of OSI model.
• Examples of application layer are applications such as file
transfer, electronic mail, remote login etc.

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