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Feedback Control Systems: Chapter # 04

This document summarizes key concepts about transient response from Chapter 4 of Norman Nise's feedback control systems textbook. It discusses first-order and second-order systems, including their step responses. It defines the damping ratio and describes how it affects system behavior. The document also outlines various measures used to specify transient response, such as rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot, and settling time. These metrics are important for analyzing the step response of second-order underdamped systems.

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57 views

Feedback Control Systems: Chapter # 04

This document summarizes key concepts about transient response from Chapter 4 of Norman Nise's feedback control systems textbook. It discusses first-order and second-order systems, including their step responses. It defines the damping ratio and describes how it affects system behavior. The document also outlines various measures used to specify transient response, such as rise time, peak time, maximum overshoot, and settling time. These metrics are important for analyzing the step response of second-order underdamped systems.

Uploaded by

MAFOQ UL HASSAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Feedback Control Systems

Chapter # 04
Transient Response

Note: Open your book in soft “Norman S. Nise” Chapter # 04


before start of the lecture !
Course Roadmap
Modeling Analysis Design
Laplace Transform Time response Design specs
Transfer Function • Transient Root Locus
s • Steady state Frequency Domain
Mathematical Mo Frequency response PID & Lead-lag
deling • Bode plot
• Electrical Design Examples
Stability
• Mechanical • Routh-Hurwitz
• Electro-mecha
(Nyquist Creteria)
nical

Matlab simulation Laboratory


Chapter # 04
Transient Response
• Poles, Zeros, and System Response
• Forced & natural Response of Systems
• First-Order Systems
• Time Constant
• Check Figure 4.6 of N.Nise @Page 159
• First-Order Systems & It’s Responses
• Step responses for second-order system damp
ing cases
• The General Second-Order System
Second-Order Systems
The General Second-Order System
• Natural Frequency
• Damping Ratio
Damping Ratio
• The damping ratio is a dimensionless measure describing h
ow oscillations in a system decay after a disturbance.
• Many systems exhibit oscillatory behavior when they are di
sturbed from their position of static equilibrium.
• A mass suspended from a spring, for example, might, if pull
ed and released, bounce up and down.
• On each bounce, the system is "trying" to return to its equili
brium position, but overshoots it.
• Sometimes losses (e.g. frictional) damp the system and can
cause the oscillations to gradually decay in amplitude towar
ds zero.
• The damping ratio is a measure of describing how rapidly t
he oscillations decay from one bounce to the next.
Damping Ratio (contd.)
The value of the damping ratio ζ determines the behavior of th
e system:
• Overdamped (ζ > 1): The system returns (exponentially decays
) to equilibrium without oscillating. Larger values of the dampi
ng ratio ζ return to equilibrium more slowly.
• Critically damped (ζ = 1): The system returns to equilibrium as
quickly as possible without oscillating. This is often desired for
the damping of systems such as doors.
• Underdamped (0 < ζ < 1): The system oscillates (at reduced fre
quency compared to the undamped case) with the amplitude
gradually decreasing to zero.
• Undamped (ζ = 0): The system oscillates at its natural resonan
t frequency
The General Second-Order System
The General Second-Order System
Second Order System Response (contd.)

Spring Mass Damper in


Standard Format:
Step Response of Second Order System
Step Response of Second Order System (cont
d.)
Step Response of Second Order System (cont
d.)
Normalize Response of Second Order System
Transient Response specifications
• There are five measures of Transient Respons
e, which are based on 2nd order under-damped
response
– Delay time
– Rise time
– Peak time
– Settling Time
– Maximum Overshoot
Transient Response specifications (contd.)

• T
Measure of Rise time of Transient Response
Measure of Peak time of Transient Response
Measure of Maximum Overshoot of Transie
nt Response

Assuming that the final value of the output is unity


If the final value of the
output is not unity then the
Measure of Settling time of Transient Response
Summary of Transient Response measurements
Questions?

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