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Topic 1 Basic Concepts of Electricity

This document provides an overview of basic electrical concepts including current, voltage, power, Ohm's Law, resistance, and conductance. It defines key terms, formulas, and relationships between electrical measurements and components. Current is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes. Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a current, calculated as the product of current and voltage. Ohm's Law describes the direct relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity and physical dimensions. Components are connected in series or parallel to obtain different resistance values in a circuit.

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3K views

Topic 1 Basic Concepts of Electricity

This document provides an overview of basic electrical concepts including current, voltage, power, Ohm's Law, resistance, and conductance. It defines key terms, formulas, and relationships between electrical measurements and components. Current is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes. Voltage is the electric potential difference between two points, measured in volts. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by a current, calculated as the product of current and voltage. Ohm's Law describes the direct relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. Resistance depends on the material's resistivity and physical dimensions. Components are connected in series or parallel to obtain different resistance values in a circuit.

Uploaded by

nisasoberi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY

CLD 20102

TOPIC 1 : BASIC CONCEPTS


OF ELECTRICITY

By
ABDUL HAKIM HJ ABU BAKAR
Objectives

 After this lesson, you should be able


to:
1) Determine Current, Voltage & Power
2) Define Ohm’s Law
3) Determine Resistance/Conductance
4) Calculate Resistance in Series and
Parallel
Electricity
 A Basic electrical System:
Transmission (Conducts energy from the source to the load)
system •Utilization of P/A

Source Control Load


•Battery •R/L/C •Absorb the electrical energy
•Generator •Circuit •Electrical machinery
analysis
Current

Things that flows on a wire or


conductor like water flowing down
a river
Flows from high voltage to points
of low voltage on the surface of a
conductor
Measured in (A) amperes or amps
Current
 An electrical current exists when charge,
q(t), is transferred from one point to
another in the conductor

dq Q
i (t )  (varying current) I (steady current)
dt t
i (t )  current in ampere( A) (The flow is uniform)
Q(t )  ch arg e in Coulombs
t  time in sec onds ( s )
Voltage

Difference in electrical potential


between two points in a circuit
The push or pressure behind
current flow through a circuit
Measured in (V) volts
Power

Amount of current times the


voltage level at a given point
Measured in (W) wattage or watts
Power

dw
p(t)  (varying power)
dt
W
P (fixed power)
t
Energy,
w(t)  p( ) d (non - constant power)
W  pt (constant power)
Ohm’s Law

Simple relationship exists between


current, voltage and resistance in
electrical circuits
The current in a circuit is directly
proportional to applied voltage
Inversely proportional to amount
of resistance
Ohm’s Law
V
R ()
I
R  the resistance in ohms ()
V  the voltage drop in volts (V )
I  the current passed in amperes ( A)
+
IR

VR
Ohm’s Law
Resistance and Conductance
L

L
R
A
A
L  lenght of the wire
A  cross  surface area
  resistivity(constant)
•The physical definition of resistance is in terms of the
material physical size and its resistivity.
Resistance and Conductance

Resistance determines how much


current will flow through a
component
Resistors are used to control
voltage and current levels
Low resistance allows a large
amount of current to flow
Measured in ohms
Resistors Combinations

Rnet = R1 + R2 + R3

1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3


Resistors Combinations

In Series
RS = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...

In Parallel
1 / RP = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 + ...
SUMMARY
p(t )  i(t)v(t) (voltage/current varying in time)
P  IV (voltage/current not varying in time)
Power Dissipatio n :
P  IV
P  power dissipated in watts (W)
I  current through the resistor (A)
V  voltage across the resistor (V)
P  I R  V / R (Ohm' s Law)
2 2
SUMMARY
 Electricity
 Current
 Voltage
 Power
 Ohm’s Law
 Resistance
 Conductance
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
REFERENCES

 Charles K. Alexander and Matthew


N.O. Sadiku, “Fundamental of Electric
Circuit,” 2000, McGraw-Hill
 Edward Huges, “Electrical
Technology,” 8th Edition, Prentice Hall
 Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power
Electronics,” 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall

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