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Differentiation Application-Part 1

The document discusses differentiation and finding the equations of tangents and normals to curves. It provides examples of finding the equation of a tangent to a curve given the curve equation, and the equation of a normal given the tangent's gradient. The key points are that the tangent is the straight line touching the curve, the normal is perpendicular to the tangent, and the gradient of the normal is the inverse of the tangent's gradient.

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Elisha Manishimwe
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37 views15 pages

Differentiation Application-Part 1

The document discusses differentiation and finding the equations of tangents and normals to curves. It provides examples of finding the equation of a tangent to a curve given the curve equation, and the equation of a normal given the tangent's gradient. The key points are that the tangent is the straight line touching the curve, the normal is perpendicular to the tangent, and the gradient of the normal is the inverse of the tangent's gradient.

Uploaded by

Elisha Manishimwe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIATION:

APPLICATION-PART 1
LECTURE
BY
JK GONDWE

09/09/20 1
LECTURE OBJECTIVES

1. Evaluate the gradient of a straight line


2. Derive the equation of a tangent and a
normal at a point on a curve

09/09/20 2
TANGENT AND NORMAL TO A CURVE

Recall
• Tangent- straight line touching a curve
at a given point.
• Normal- straight line perpendicular to the
tangent at a point on the curve.

09/09/20 3
TANGENT AND NORMAL TO A CURVE

M
RS is a tangent
S
MN is a normal

R curve

09/09/20 4
Equation of a tangent
• A tangent is a straight line, hence has
an equation of the form;
y  mx  c
where :
dy
m  gradient i.e. (given by the value
dx
f (x) at a point) and
- c is the constant ( y - intercept)
09/09/20 5
Example 1

If y  x -6 x  11x-6 find the equation of


3 2

tangent to the curve at x  1.

09/09/20 6
Example 1
dy
Gradient  3 x 2  12 x  11
dx
at x  1  3( 1 )2  12( 1 )  11
 2
Value of y when x  1
y  ( 1 )3  6( 1 )2  11( 1 )  6
 0
Equation of the tangent is
y  2 x  c at y  0 and x  1 then c  -2
 The equation of tangent is
y  2 x-2
09/09/20 7
Class Exercise
Find the equation of tangent to the curve y  9 x-x3
at the point x  1. Where does the tangent meet
the line y  x.

09/09/20 8
Class Exercise : Solution

PART 1 :
dy
Grad  9  3x 2
dx
At x  1 grad  9  3(1) 2
6
when x  1, y  8
Equation of tangent ; y  mx  c
at y  8, x  1;8  61  c then c  2
y  6x  2

09/09/20 9
Class Exercise : Solution
PART 2 :
Where the tangent meets the line y  x
y  6 x  2 ----------1
y  x---------------2
1 and 2 are simultaneous equations which
could be solved
2
x  - y
5

 2 2
Tangent meets the line y  x at  - ,- 
 5 5

09/09/20 10
Equation of a normal to a curve
at a given point
• The normal to a curve at a given point is a
straight line through the point at right angles to the
tangent.

1
Theorem : If m is the gradient of the tangent then -  
m
is the gradient of the normal.

09/09/20 11
Example

Find the equation of the normal to the


curve y  3 x -x  1 at x  0.
2

09/09/20 12
Example
dy
Gradient  6x 1
dx
dy
At x  0  6( 0 )  1  1
dx
and y  3(0) 2  (0)  1
1
1 1
 gradient for normal  -  -  1
m  -1 
and equation of the normal is
y  mx  c (1)  (1)(0)  c, then c  1
 y  x 1

09/09/20 13
Class Exercise

If x y  xy  x  y  16  0, find the equation


2 2 3 3

of the normal to the curve at the point (1,3)

09/09/20 14
Solution to Class Exercise

3 y  5 x  14

09/09/20 15

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